Dextrorphan (BioDeep_00000054135)

   

human metabolite Endogenous blood metabolite Chemicals and Drugs


代谢物信息卡片


(1S,9S,10S)-17-methyl-17-azatetracyclo[7.5.3.0¹,¹⁰.0²,⁷]heptadeca-2(7),3,5-trien-4-ol

化学式: C17H23NO (257.1779548)
中文名称:
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(blood) 0.61%

分子结构信息

SMILES: CN1CCC23CCCCC2C1CC4=C3C=C(C=C4)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C17H23NO/c1-18-9-8-17-7-3-2-4-14(17)16(18)10-12-5-6-13(19)11-15(12)17/h5-6,11,14,16,19H,2-4,7-10H2,1H3/t14-,16+,17+/m1/s1

描述信息

Dextrorphan is a metabolite of Dextromethorphan. Dextrorphan (DXO) is a psychoactive drug of the morphinan chemical class which acts as an antitussive or cough suppressant and dissociative hallucinogen. It is the dextro-stereoisomer of racemorphan, the levo-half being levorphanol. Dextrorphan is produced by O-demethylation of dextromethorphan by CYP2D6. Dextrorphan is an NMDA antagonist and contributes to the psychoactive effects of dextromethorphan. (Wikipedia)
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018683 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agents > D018691 - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists
D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018696 - Neuroprotective Agents
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist
D020011 - Protective Agents

同义名列表

7 个代谢物同义名

(1S,9S,10S)-17-methyl-17-azatetracyclo[7.5.3.0¹,¹⁰.0²,⁷]heptadeca-2(7),3,5-trien-4-ol; (+)-3-Hydroxy-N-methylmorphinan; D-3-Hydroxy-N-methylmorphinan; (+-)-17-Methylmorphinan-3-ol; Dextrorphanum; Dextrorphane; dextrorphan



数据库引用编号

8 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(5)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

65 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(65)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

1 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Sara Shum, Aprajita Yadav, Emily Fay, Sue Moreni, Jennie Mao, Lindsay Czuba, Celine Wang, Nina Isoherranen, Mary F Hebert. Infant Dextromethorphan and Dextrorphan Exposure via Breast Milk From Mothers Who Are CYP2D6 Extensive Metabolizers. Journal of clinical pharmacology. 2022 06; 62(6):747-755. doi: 10.1002/jcph.2012. [PMID: 34889461]
  • Simeon Rüdesheim, Dominik Selzer, Uwe Fuhr, Matthias Schwab, Thorsten Lehr. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling of dextromethorphan to investigate interindividual variability within CYP2D6 activity score groups. CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology. 2022 04; 11(4):494-511. doi: 10.1002/psp4.12776. [PMID: 35257505]
  • Tim T Häbe, Chang Liu, Tom R Covey, Roman P Simon, Wolfgang Reindl, Frank H Büttner, Martin Winter, Daniel Bischoff, Andreas H Luippold, Frank Runge. Ultrahigh-Throughput ESI-MS: Sampling Pushed to Six Samples per Second by Acoustic Ejection Mass Spectrometry. Analytical chemistry. 2020 09; 92(18):12242-12249. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01632. [PMID: 32786476]
  • Yao Fu, Xiaoxiao Tian, Lingling Han, Yilin Li, Ying Peng, Jiang Zheng. Mechanism-based inactivation of cytochrome P450 2D6 by Notopterol. Chemico-biological interactions. 2020 May; 322(?):109053. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109053. [PMID: 32198085]
  • Faith Stevison, Mika Kosaka, Jane R Kenny, Susan Wong, Cathryn Hogarth, John K Amory, Nina Isoherranen. Does In Vitro Cytochrome P450 Downregulation Translate to In Vivo Drug-Drug Interactions? Preclinical and Clinical Studies With 13-cis-Retinoic Acid. Clinical and translational science. 2019 07; 12(4):350-360. doi: 10.1111/cts.12616. [PMID: 30681285]
  • Amber R Watson, Ali Roberts. Identifying Levorphanol Ingestion Using Urine Biomarkers in Health Care Patients. Pain physician. 2018 03; 21(2):E167-E171. doi: . [PMID: 29565959]
  • Waheed Adeola Adedeji, Sharon Iyobor Igbinoba, Titilayo O Fakeye, Ibrahim Adebayo Oladosu, Fatai Adewale Fehintola, Qing Ma, Gene D Morse. Evaluation of CYP2D6 phenotype in the Yoruba Nigerian population. Expert review of clinical pharmacology. 2017 Oct; 10(10):1145-1152. doi: 10.1080/17512433.2017.1362979. [PMID: 28786716]
  • Carley R Corado, Daniel S McKemie, Heather K Knych. Pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan and its metabolites in horses following a single oral administration. Drug testing and analysis. 2017 Jun; 9(6):880-887. doi: 10.1002/dta.2060. [PMID: 27580591]
  • Nan Hu, Yanjuan Huang, Xuejiao Gao, Sai Li, Zhixiang Yan, Bin Wei, Ru Yan. Effects of dextran sulfate sodium induced experimental colitis on cytochrome P450 activities in rat liver, kidney and intestine. Chemico-biological interactions. 2017 Jun; 271(?):48-58. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.04.018. [PMID: 28438436]
  • Lin-Hu Ye, Ling-Ti Kong, Ming-Zhu Yan, Fang-Rui Cao, Li-Sha Wang, Yong-Hong Liao, Rui-Le Pan, Qi Chang. Lotus leaf alkaloid fraction can strongly inhibit CYP2D6 isoenzyme activity. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2016 Dec; 194(?):913-917. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.055. [PMID: 27771456]
  • T M Dodgen, C De J Labuschagne, A van Schalkwyk, F E Steffens, A Gaedigk, A D Cromarty, M Alessandrini, M S Pepper. Pharmacogenetic comparison of CYP2D6 predictive and measured phenotypes in a South African cohort. The pharmacogenomics journal. 2016 11; 16(6):566-572. doi: 10.1038/tpj.2015.76. [PMID: 26503815]
  • Rui Chen, Amin Rostami-Hodjegan, Haotian Wang, David Berk, Jun Shi, Pei Hu. Application of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for the evaluation of single-point plasma phenotyping method of CYP2D6. European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2016 Sep; 92(?):131-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.07.001. [PMID: 27412587]
  • Muhammad Farooq, Edward J Kelly, Jashvant D Unadkat. CYP2D6 Is Inducible by Endogenous and Exogenous Corticosteroids. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2016 May; 44(5):750-7. doi: 10.1124/dmd.115.069229. [PMID: 26965986]
  • Worku Bedada, Fernando de Andrés, Ephrem Engidawork, Anton Pohanka, Olof Beck, Leif Bertilsson, Adrián Llerena, Eleni Aklillu. The Psychostimulant Khat (Catha edulis) Inhibits CYP2D6 Enzyme Activity in Humans. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology. 2015 Dec; 35(6):694-9. doi: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000000413. [PMID: 26444948]
  • Jianguo Sun, Ying Peng, Hui Wu, Xueyuan Zhang, Yunxi Zhong, Yanan Xiao, Fengyi Zhang, Huanhuan Qi, Lili Shang, Jianping Zhu, Yue Sun, Ke Liu, Jinghan Liu, Jiye A, Rodney J Y Ho, Guangji Wang. Guanfu base A, an antiarrhythmic alkaloid of Aconitum coreanum, Is a CYP2D6 inhibitor of human, monkey, and dog isoforms. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2015 May; 43(5):713-24. doi: 10.1124/dmd.114.060905. [PMID: 25681130]
  • Fahad Ibrahim Al-Jenoobi, Areej A Al-Thukair, Mohd Aftab Alam, Fawkeya A Abbas, Abdullah M Al-Mohizea, Khalid M Alkharfy, Saleh A Al-Suwayeh. Effect of Curcuma longa on CYP2D6- and CYP3A4-mediated metabolism of dextromethorphan in human liver microsomes and healthy human subjects. European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. 2015 Mar; 40(1):61-6. doi: 10.1007/s13318-014-0180-2. [PMID: 24510399]
  • Jessica Tay-Sontheimer, Laura M Shireman, Richard P Beyer, Taurence Senn, Daniela Witten, Robin E Pearce, Andrea Gaedigk, Cletus L Gana Fomban, Justin D Lutz, Nina Isoherranen, Kenneth E Thummel, Oliver Fiehn, J Steven Leeder, Yvonne S Lin. Detection of an endogenous urinary biomarker associated with CYP2D6 activity using global metabolomics. Pharmacogenomics. 2014 Dec; 15(16):1947-62. doi: 10.2217/pgs.14.155. [PMID: 25521354]
  • Nithya J Gogtay, Nitin B Mali, Krishna Iyer, Prashant P Kadam, Kannan Sridharan, Divya Shrimal, Urmila M Thatte. Evaluation of cytochrome P450 2D6 phenotyping in healthy adult Western Indians. Indian journal of pharmacology. 2014 May; 46(3):266-9. doi: 10.4103/0253-7613.132154. [PMID: 24987171]
  • Ying Ding, Kai Huang, Lan Chen, Jie Yang, Wen-Yan Xu, Xue-Jiao Xu, Ru Duan, Jing Zhang, Qing He. Simultaneous quantitative analysis of dextromethorphan, dextrorphan and chlorphenamine in human plasma by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Biomedical chromatography : BMC. 2014 Mar; 28(3):446-52. doi: 10.1002/bmc.3054. [PMID: 24254834]
  • Jan B Kuhlmann, Georg Wensing, Jochen Kuhlmann. Correlation of genotype, phenotype, and mRNA expression of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs). International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2014 Feb; 52(2):143-50. doi: 10.5414/cp201966. [PMID: 24361088]
  • Andrew K L Goey, Irma Meijerman, Jos H Beijnen, Jan H M Schellens. The effect of grape seed extract on the pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan in healthy volunteers. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2013 Nov; 69(11):1883-90. doi: 10.1007/s00228-013-1558-9. [PMID: 23881421]
  • Ronald Feld, Margaret M Woo, Natasha Leighl, Frances A Shepherd, J Thaddeus Beck, Lihui Zhao, Lucien Gazi, Thomas Hengelage, Maria Grazia Porro, Asha Nayak. A clinical investigation of inhibitory effect of panobinostat on CYP2D6 substrate in patients with advanced cancer. Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology. 2013 Oct; 72(4):747-55. doi: 10.1007/s00280-013-2237-3. [PMID: 24013574]
  • J Juřica, A Žourková. Dynamics and persistence of CYP2D6 inhibition by paroxetine. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics. 2013 Aug; 38(4):294-300. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.12042. [PMID: 23437966]
  • E Michael Thurman, Imma Ferrer. Liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry with metabolic profiling of human urine as a tool for environmental analysis of dextromethorphan. Journal of chromatography. A. 2012 Oct; 1259(?):158-66. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.008. [PMID: 22443892]
  • John A Davis, Dan A Rock, Larry C Wienkers, Josh T Pearson. In vitro characterization of the drug-drug interaction potential of catabolites of antibody-maytansinoid conjugates. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2012 Oct; 40(10):1927-34. doi: 10.1124/dmd.112.046169. [PMID: 22752008]
  • Chulathida Chomchai, Boonying Manaboriboon. Stimulant methamphetamine and dextromethorphan use among Thai adolescents: implications for health of women and children. Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology. 2012 Sep; 8(3):291-4. doi: 10.1007/s13181-012-0228-0. [PMID: 22555762]
  • Marina V Antunes, Rafael Linden, Tamyris V Santos, Pierre Wallemacq, Vincent Haufroid, Jean-François Classen, Huander Andreolla, Nathalia Costa, Tiago O Fontanive, Daniela D Rosa. Endoxifen levels and its association with CYP2D6 genotype and phenotype: evaluation of a southern Brazilian population under tamoxifen pharmacotherapy. Therapeutic drug monitoring. 2012 Aug; 34(4):422-31. doi: 10.1097/ftd.0b013e318260b46e. [PMID: 22777153]
  • J Jurica, R Bartecek, A Zourkova, E Pindurova, A Sulcova, T Kasparek, O Zendulka. Serum dextromethorphan/dextrorphan metabolic ratio for CYP2D6 phenotyping in clinical practice. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics. 2012 Aug; 37(4):486-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2012.01333.x. [PMID: 22548589]
  • Laura E Pope, Kerri A Schoedel, Cynthia Bartlett, Edward M Sellers. A study of potential pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between dextromethorphan/quinidine and memantine in healthy volunteers. Clinical drug investigation. 2012 Aug; 32(8):e1-15. doi: 10.1007/bf03261905. [PMID: 22712629]
  • F Girardin, Y Daali, M Gex-Fabry, M Rebsamen, P Roux-Lombard, A Cerny, F Bihl, J Binek, D Moradpour, F Negro, J Desmeules. Liver kidney microsomal type 1 antibodies reduce the CYP2D6 activity in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Journal of viral hepatitis. 2012 Aug; 19(8):568-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2011.01578.x. [PMID: 22762141]
  • J L Donato, F Koizumi, A S Pereira, G D Mendes, G De Nucci. Simultaneous determination of dextromethorphan, dextrorphan and doxylamine in human plasma by HPLC coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry: application to a pharmacokinetic study. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2012 Jun; 899(?):46-56. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.05.001. [PMID: 22651995]
  • Edward C Lauterbach. An extension of hypotheses regarding rapid-acting, treatment-refractory, and conventional antidepressant activity of dextromethorphan and dextrorphan. Medical hypotheses. 2012 Jun; 78(6):693-702. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.02.012. [PMID: 22401777]
  • Renai Xu, Tao Xu, Zhe Wang, Haichao Zhan, Xiaole Chen, Xianqin Wang, Lufeng Hu, Xiuhua Zhang. Simultaneous determination of dextromethorphan and dextrophan in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Die Pharmazie. 2012 Jun; 67(6):485-9. doi: NULL. [PMID: 22822534]
  • Kyung-Suk Oh, Su-Jin Park, Dhananjay D Shinde, Jae-Gook Shin, Dong-Hyun Kim. High-sensitivity liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of five drugs and their cytochrome P450-specific probe metabolites in human plasma. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2012 May; 895-896(?):56-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.03.014. [PMID: 22483397]
  • G Zadoyan, D Rokitta, S Klement, A Dienel, R Hoerr, T Gramatté, U Fuhr. Effect of Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761® on human cytochrome P450 activity: a cocktail interaction study in healthy volunteers. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2012 May; 68(5):553-60. doi: 10.1007/s00228-011-1174-5. [PMID: 22189672]
  • Pedro Dorado, Natalia Heras, Esther Machín, Francisco Hernández, Enrique Teran, Adrián Llerena. CYP2D6 genotype and dextromethorphan hydroxylation phenotype in an Ecuadorian population. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2012 May; 68(5):637-44. doi: 10.1007/s00228-011-1147-8. [PMID: 22083166]
  • Carlo L Bello, Robert R LaBadie, Grace Ni, Tanya Boutros, Carol McCormick, M Noella Ndongo. The effect of dacomitinib (PF-00299804) on CYP2D6 activity in healthy volunteers who are extensive or intermediate metabolizers. Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology. 2012 Apr; 69(4):991-7. doi: 10.1007/s00280-011-1793-7. [PMID: 22147075]
  • Kerri A Schoedel, Laura E Pope, Edward M Sellers. Randomized open-label drug-drug interaction trial of dextromethorphan/quinidine and paroxetine in healthy volunteers. Clinical drug investigation. 2012 Mar; 32(3):157-69. doi: 10.2165/11599870-000000000-00000. [PMID: 22283559]
  • Justin D Lutz, Nina Isoherranen. Prediction of relative in vivo metabolite exposure from in vitro data using two model drugs: dextromethorphan and omeprazole. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2012 Jan; 40(1):159-68. doi: 10.1124/dmd.111.042200. [PMID: 22010218]
  • Jo-Anne Clarke, Murray Cutler, Inna Gong, Ute I Schwarz, David Freeman, Monidipa Dasgupta. Cytochrome P450 2D6 phenotyping in an elderly population with dementia and response to galantamine in dementia: a pilot study. The American journal of geriatric pharmacotherapy. 2011 Aug; 9(4):224-33. doi: 10.1016/j.amjopharm.2011.07.003. [PMID: 21803659]
  • Karin Ardjomand-Woelkart, Manfred Kollroser, Li Li, Hartmut Derendorf, Veronika Butterweck, Rudolf Bauer. Development and validation of a LC-MS/MS method based on a new 96-well Hybrid-SPE™-precipitation technique for quantification of CYP450 substrates/metabolites in rat plasma. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. 2011 Jun; 400(8):2371-81. doi: 10.1007/s00216-010-4618-3. [PMID: 21225250]
  • Seyed Ali Mousavi, Mohammad Saadatnia, Faribourz Khorvash, Tahereh Hoseini, Payam Sariaslani. Evaluation of the neuroprotective effect of dextromethorphan in the acute phase of ischaemic stroke. Archives of medical science : AMS. 2011 Jun; 7(3):465-9. doi: 10.5114/aoms.2011.23413. [PMID: 22295030]
  • Atul Kumar, Rory P Remmel, Henry J Mann, Greg J Beilman. Drug metabolism in hemorrhagic shock: pharmacokinetics of selective markers of cytochrome-P450 2C9, 2D6, and 3A4 enzyme activities in a porcine model. The Journal of surgical research. 2011 May; 167(2):e231-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.06.040. [PMID: 20850770]
  • Samanta Yubero-Lahoz, Ricardo Pardo, Magí Farré, Brian O'Mahony, Marta Torrens, Cristina Mustata, Clara Pérez-Mañá, Marcel Lí Carbó, Rafael de la Torre. Sex differences in 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy)-induced cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibition in humans. Clinical pharmacokinetics. 2011 May; 50(5):319-29. doi: 10.2165/11584550-000000000-00000. [PMID: 21456632]
  • Tyren M Dodgen, A Duncan Cromarty, Michael S Pepper. Quantitative plasma analysis using automated online solid-phase extraction with column switching LC-MS/MS for characterising cytochrome P450 2D6 and 2C19 metabolism. Journal of separation science. 2011 May; 34(10):1102-10. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201000920. [PMID: 21491594]
  • Walter J Loos, Anne-Joy M de Graan, Peter de Bruijn, Ron H N van Schaik, Marianne A C van Fessem, Mei-Ho Lam, Ron H J Mathijssen, Erik A C Wiemer. Simultaneous quantification of dextromethorphan and its metabolites dextrorphan, 3-methoxymorphinan and 3-hydroxymorphinan in human plasma by ultra performance liquid chromatography/tandem triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2011 Jan; 54(2):387-94. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.08.033. [PMID: 20926215]
  • Ondrej Zendulka, Jan Jurica, Lucia Zahradnikova, Michaela Sabova, Alexandra Sulcova. Effects of combined treatment with cognitive enhancer memantine and antidepressant fluoxetine on CYP2D2 metabolic activity in rats. Neuro endocrinology letters. 2011; 32(5):727-32. doi: . [PMID: 22167136]
  • Ya-Juan Liu, Hai-Long Wu, Jin-Fang Nie, Jian-Yao Wang, Li-Qun Ouyang, Ru-Qin Yu. Simultaneous determination of dextromethorphan and its metabolite dextrorphan in plasma samples using second-order calibration coupled with excitation-emission matrix fluorescence. Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry. 2011; 27(6):663-6. doi: 10.2116/analsci.27.663. [PMID: 21666367]
  • Akio Tanaka, Tadashi Nagamatsu, Makoto Yamaguchi, Atsushi Nomura, Fumiko Nagura, Kayaho Maeda, Tatsuhito Tomino, Tatsuhito Watanabe, Hideaki Shimizu, Yoshiro Fujita, Yasuhiko Ito. Myoclonus after dextromethorphan administration in peritoneal dialysis. The Annals of pharmacotherapy. 2011 Jan; 45(1):e1. doi: 10.1345/aph.1p301. [PMID: 21228393]
  • K Abduljalil, D Frank, A Gaedigk, T Klaassen, D Tomalik-Scharte, A Jetter, U Jaehde, J Kirchheiner, U Fuhr. Assessment of activity levels for CYP2D6*1, CYP2D6*2, and CYP2D6*41 genes by population pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2010 Nov; 88(5):643-51. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2010.137. [PMID: 20881950]
  • Hong-Gang Lou, Hong Yuan, Zou-Rong Ruan, Bo Jiang. Simultaneous determination of paracetamol, pseudoephedrine, dextrophan and chlorpheniramine in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2010 Mar; 878(7-8):682-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.01.005. [PMID: 20133213]
  • Laurie A Zawertailo, Rachel F Tyndale, U Busto, Edward M Sellers. Effect of metabolic blockade on the psychoactive effects of dextromethorphan. Human psychopharmacology. 2010 Jan; 25(1):71-9. doi: 10.1002/hup.1086. [PMID: 20041473]
  • F I Al-Jenoobi, A A Al-Thukair, F A Abbas, M J Ansari, K M Alkharfy, A M Al-Mohizea, S A Al-Suwayeh, S Jamil. Effect of black seed on dextromethorphan O- and N-demethylation in human liver microsomes and healthy human subjects. Drug metabolism letters. 2010 Jan; 4(1):51-5. doi: 10.2174/187231210790980435. [PMID: 20201775]
  • Marios Spanakis, Ioannis S Vizirianakis, Maria Mironidou-Tzouveleki, Ioannis Niopas. A validated SIM GC/MS method for the simultaneous determination of dextromethorphan and its metabolites dextrorphan, 3-methoxymorphinan and 3-hydroxymorphinan in biological matrices and its application to in vitro CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 inhibition study. Biomedical chromatography : BMC. 2009 Nov; 23(11):1131-7. doi: 10.1002/bmc.1234. [PMID: 19444798]
  • Xiaorong Liang, Yinghe Li, Matthew Barfield, Qin C Ji. Study of dried blood spots technique for the determination of dextromethorphan and its metabolite dextrorphan in human whole blood by LC-MS/MS. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2009 Mar; 877(8-9):799-806. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.02.015. [PMID: 19237324]
  • M C Rebsamen, J Desmeules, Y Daali, A Chiappe, A Diemand, C Rey, J Chabert, P Dayer, D Hochstrasser, M F Rossier. The AmpliChip CYP450 test: cytochrome P450 2D6 genotype assessment and phenotype prediction. The pharmacogenomics journal. 2009 Feb; 9(1):34-41. doi: 10.1038/tpj.2008.7. [PMID: 18591960]
  • Mohammad-Reza Shiran, Martin S Lennard, Mohammad-Zafar Iqbal, Oldwale Lagundoye, Nicholas Seivewright, Geoffrey T Tucker, Amin Rostami-Hodjegan. Contribution of the activities of CYP3A, CYP2D6, CYP1A2 and other potential covariates to the disposition of methadone in patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2009 Jan; 67(1):29-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2008.03312.x. [PMID: 19133059]
  • Ondrej Zendulka, Jiri Totusek, Alexandra Sulcova. Intersexual differences in inhibitory influence of trans-resveratrol on activity of cytochrome P450 2D2 in rats. Neuro endocrinology letters. 2009; 30 Suppl 1(?):88-91. doi: ". [PMID: 20027150]
  • Jadwiga Skretkowicz, Anna Wojtczak, Mariola Rychlik-Sych. Polymorphism of dextromethorphan oxidation in Polish population. Acta poloniae pharmaceutica. 2008 Sep; 65(5):611-5. doi: NULL. [PMID: 19051610]
  • Shaoyu Zhang, Naining Song, Quansheng Li, Huirong Fan, Changxiao Liu. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous evaluation of activities of five cytochrome P450s using a five-drug cocktail and application to cytochrome P450 phenotyping studies in rats. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2008 Aug; 871(1):78-89. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.06.034. [PMID: 18614408]
  • Patrice Forget, Bernard le Polain de Waroux, Pierre Wallemacq, Jean-Luc Gala. Life-threatening dextromethorphan intoxication associated with interaction with amitriptyline in a poor CYP2D6 metabolizer: a single case re-exposure study. Journal of pain and symptom management. 2008 Jul; 36(1):92-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2007.09.006. [PMID: 18359183]
  • T N Johnson, G T Tucker, A Rostami-Hodjegan. Development of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 in the first year of life. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2008 May; 83(5):670-1. doi: 10.1038/sj.clpt.6100327. [PMID: 18043691]
  • Warren C Rodrigues, Guohong Wang, Christine Moore, Alpana Agrawal, Michael J Vincent, James R Soares. Development and validation of ELISA and GC-MS procedures for the quantification of dextromethorphan and its main metabolite dextrorphan in urine and oral fluid. Journal of analytical toxicology. 2008 Apr; 32(3):220-6. doi: 10.1093/jat/32.3.220. [PMID: 18397573]
  • Y Daali, S Cherkaoui, F Doffey-Lazeyras, P Dayer, J A Desmeules. Development and validation of a chemical hydrolysis method for dextromethorphan and dextrophan determination in urine samples: application to the assessment of CYP2D6 activity in fibromyalgia patients. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2008 Jan; 861(1):56-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.11.019. [PMID: 18065299]
  • Mariola Rychlik-Sych, Magdalena Łyczba, Jadwiga Skretkowicz. Oxidative phenotype status in related subjects. Acta poloniae pharmaceutica. 2008 Jan; 65(1):165-8. doi: NULL. [PMID: 18536192]
  • Hong Wu, Weijiang Yu, Lijun Huang, Jing Wang, Xiaobo Tang, Wei Yang, Yan Liu, Huiyan Yu, Daling Zhu. Effect of sodium ozagrel on the activity of rat CYP2D6. European journal of pharmacology. 2007 Nov; 573(1-3):55-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.06.055. [PMID: 17651725]
  • Shyr-Yi Lin, Chien-Ho Chen, Hsiu-O Ho, Hsueh-Hui Chen, Ming-Thau Sheu. Simultaneous analysis of dextromethorphan and its three metabolites in human plasma using an improved HPLC method with fluorometric detection. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2007 Nov; 859(1):141-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.09.017. [PMID: 17919999]
  • Anna Wojtczak, Mariola Rychlik-Sych, Eliza Krochmalska-Ulacha, Jadwiga Skretkowicz. CYP2D6 phenotyping with dextromethorphan. Pharmacological reports : PR. 2007 Nov; 59(6):734-8. doi: NULL. [PMID: 18195464]
  • Bent H Hellum, Odd Georg Nilsen. The in vitro inhibitory potential of trade herbal products on human CYP2D6-mediated metabolism and the influence of ethanol. Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology. 2007 Nov; 101(5):350-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00121.x. [PMID: 17910620]
  • Atul Kumar, Henry J Mann, Rory P Remmel. Simultaneous analysis of cytochrome P450 probes-dextromethorphan, flurbiprofen and midazolam and their major metabolites by HPLC-mass-spectrometry/fluorescence after single-step extraction from plasma. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2007 Jun; 853(1-2):287-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.03.032. [PMID: 17452028]
  • Tewari Tushar, Thomas Vinod, Sundaram Rajan, Chanolean Shashindran, Chandrasekaran Adithan. Effect of honey on CYP3A4, CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 enzyme activity in healthy human volunteers. Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology. 2007 Apr; 100(4):269-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2006.00039.x. [PMID: 17371531]
  • Thomas H Eichhold, David L McCauley-Myers, Deepa A Khambe, Gary A Thompson, Steven H Hoke. Simultaneous determination of dextromethorphan, dextrorphan, and guaifenesin in human plasma using semi-automated liquid/liquid extraction and gradient liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2007 Jan; 43(2):586-600. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.07.018. [PMID: 16930908]
  • A T Naveen, T Prasanna, B L Farzana, S Rajan, C Adithan. CYP2D6 genotype and phenotype relationship in South Indians. Journal of postgraduate medicine. 2006 Oct; 52(4):253-6. doi: NULL. [PMID: 17102541]
  • Eun-Mi Kim, Ju-Seon Lee, Mee-Jung Park, Sang-Kil Choi, Mi-Ae Lim, Hee-Sun Chung. Standardization of method for the analysis of dextromethorphan in urine. Forensic science international. 2006 Sep; 161(2-3):198-201. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.12.034. [PMID: 16837153]
  • Rob E Aarnoutse, Johanneke Kleinnijenhuis, Peter P Koopmans, Daan J Touw, Jaap Wieling, Yechiel A Hekster, David M Burger. Effect of low-dose ritonavir (100 mg twice daily) on the activity of cytochrome P450 2D6 in healthy volunteers. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2005 Dec; 78(6):664-74. doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.09.001. [PMID: 16338282]
  • Christian Funck-Brentano, Pierre-Yves Boëlle, Céline Verstuyft, Célia Bornert, Laurent Becquemont, Jean-Marie Poirier. Measurement of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 activity in vivo with dextromethorphan: sources of variability and predictors of adverse effects in 419 healthy subjects. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2005 Dec; 61(11):821-9. doi: 10.1007/s00228-005-0051-5. [PMID: 16315033]
  • Paul R Casner. The effect of CYP2D6 polymorphisms on dextromethorphan metabolism in Mexican Americans. Journal of clinical pharmacology. 2005 Nov; 45(11):1230-5. doi: 10.1177/0091270005280755. [PMID: 16239355]
  • Jean-Francois Marier, Jean-Luc Deschênes, Amal Hage, Eleftheria Seliniotakis, Ari Gritsas, Themis Flarakos, Francis Beaudry, Pascal Vachon. Enhancing the uptake of dextromethorphan in the CNS of rats by concomitant administration of the P-gp inhibitor verapamil. Life sciences. 2005 Oct; 77(23):2911-26. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.04.025. [PMID: 15964599]
  • Silvana Borges, Lang Li, Mitchell A Hamman, David R Jones, Stephen D Hall, J Christopher Gorski. Dextromethorphan to dextrorphan urinary metabolic ratio does not reflect dextromethorphan oral clearance. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2005 Jul; 33(7):1052-5. doi: 10.1124/dmd.104.003459. [PMID: 15821042]
  • Habib Bagheri, Ali Es-haghi, Mohammad-Reza Rouini. Sol-gel-based solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determination of dextromethorphan and dextrorphan in human plasma. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2005 Apr; 818(2):147-57. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.12.031. [PMID: 15734154]
  • V K Kimiskidis, I Niopas, P D Firinidis, F I Kanaze, C Gabrieli, D Kazis, S Papagiannopoulos, A Kazis. Frequency distribution of dextromethorphan O-demethylation in a Greek population. International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2005 Mar; 43(3):150-3. doi: 10.5414/cpp43150. [PMID: 15792399]
  • M L Constanzer, C M Chavez-Eng, I Fu, E J Woolf, B K Matuszewski. Determination of dextromethorphan and its metabolite dextrorphan in human urine using high performance liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry: a study of selectivity of a tandem mass spectrometric assay. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2005 Feb; 816(1-2):297-308. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.11.049. [PMID: 15664362]
  • Minoo Afshar, Mohammadreza Rouini, Shahram Ala. Dextromethorphan metabolic phenotyping in an Iranian population. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2005 Feb; 60(12):849-54. doi: 10.1007/s00228-004-0859-4. [PMID: 15657780]
  • Tina H Duedahl, Jesper Dirks, Kamilla B Petersen, Janne Romsing, Niels-Erik Larsen, Jorgen B Dahl. Intravenous dextromethorphan to human volunteers: relationship between pharmacokinetics and anti-hyperalgesic effect. Pain. 2005 Feb; 113(3):360-368. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2004.11.015. [PMID: 15661445]
  • Debbie L Kuhlenbeck, Thomas H Eichold, Steven H Hoke, Timothy R Baker, Robert Mensen, Kenneth R Wehmeyer. On-line solid phase extraction using the Prospekt-2 coupled with a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometer for the determination of dextromethorphan, dextrorphan and guaifenesin in human plasma. European journal of mass spectrometry (Chichester, England). 2005; 11(2):199-208. doi: 10.1255/ejms.737. [PMID: 16046804]
  • Shaolian Zhou, Huiyu Zhou, Mike Larson, Dennis L Miller, Dunmin Mao, Xiangyu Jiang, Weng Naidong. High-throughput biological sample analysis using on-line turbulent flow extraction combined with monolithic column liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM. 2005; 19(15):2144-50. doi: 10.1002/rcm.2037. [PMID: 15988727]
  • Ursula Lutz, Wolfgang Völkel, Roman W Lutz, Werner K Lutz. LC-MS/MS analysis of dextromethorphan metabolism in human saliva and urine to determine CYP2D6 phenotype and individual variability in N-demethylation and glucuronidation. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2004 Dec; 813(1-2):217-25. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.09.040. [PMID: 15556536]
  • Jennifer L Donovan, C Lindsay DeVane, Kenneth D Chavin, Jun-Sheng Wang, Bryan B Gibson, Holly A Gefroh, John S Markowitz. Multiple night-time doses of valerian (Valeriana officinalis) had minimal effects on CYP3A4 activity and no effect on CYP2D6 activity in healthy volunteers. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2004 Dec; 32(12):1333-6. doi: 10.1124/dmd.104.001164. [PMID: 15328251]
  • Laura E Pope, M H Khalil, James E Berg, Mark Stiles, Gerald J Yakatan, Edward M Sellers. Pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan after single or multiple dosing in combination with quinidine in extensive and poor metabolizers. Journal of clinical pharmacology. 2004 Oct; 44(10):1132-42. doi: 10.1177/0091270004269521. [PMID: 15342614]
  • B Kukanich, M G Papich. Plasma profile and pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan after intravenous and oral administration in healthy dogs. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics. 2004 Oct; 27(5):337-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2004.00608.x. [PMID: 15500572]
  • E Calleri, G Marrubini, G Massolini, D Lubda, S S de Fazio, S Furlanetto, I W Wainer, L Manzo, G Caccialanza. Development of a chromatographic bioreactor based on immobilized beta-glucuronidase on monolithic support for the determination of dextromethorphan and dextrorphan in human urine. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2004 Sep; 35(5):1179-89. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.02.033. [PMID: 15336363]
  • Dan Liu, Xiao-yan Chen, Yi-fan Zhang, Da-fang Zhong, Qi Gu, Yong Zhang. [Determination of dextrorphan in human plasma and pharmacokinetic study]. Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. 2004 Jun; 39(6):449-52. doi: NULL. [PMID: 15491104]
  • Robert N Pechnick, Russell E Poland. Comparison of the effects of dextromethorphan, dextrorphan, and levorphanol on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 2004 May; 309(2):515-22. doi: 10.1124/jpet.103.060038. [PMID: 14742749]
  • Minoo Afshar, Mohammad-Reza Rouini, Mohsen Amini. Simple chromatography method for simultaneous determination of dextromethorphan and its main metabolites in human plasma with fluorimetric detection. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2004 Apr; 802(2):317-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.12.009. [PMID: 15018793]
  • Maria Madeira, Marc Levine, Thomas K H Chang, Ahmad Mirfazaelian, Gail D Bellward. The effect of cimetidine on dextromethorphan O-demethylase activity of human liver microsomes and recombinant CYP2D6. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2004 Apr; 32(4):460-7. doi: 10.1124/dmd.32.4.460. [PMID: 16680870]
  • Benjamin J L Davies, Janet K Coller, Heather M James, David Gillis, Andrew A Somogyi, John D Horowitz, Raymond G Morris, Benedetta C Sallustio. Clinical inhibition of CYP2D6-catalysed metabolism by the antianginal agent perhexiline. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2004 Apr; 57(4):456-63. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.02033.x. [PMID: 15025744]
  • J F Marier, L E Pope, G J Yakatan, J E Berg, M Stiles, P Vachon. Influence of concomitant quinidine administration on dextromethorphan disposition in rats. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics. 2004 Apr; 27(2):111-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2004.00559.x. [PMID: 15096109]
  • K C Carlsson, N O Hoem, E R Moberg, L C Mathisen. Analgesic effect of dextromethorphan in neuropathic pain. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 2004 Mar; 48(3):328-36. doi: 10.1111/j.0001-5172.2004.0325.x. [PMID: 14982566]
  • Lars Ynddal, Steen Honoré Hansen. On-line turbulent-flow chromatography-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for fast sample preparation and quantitation. Journal of chromatography. A. 2003 Dec; 1020(1):59-67. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00773-8. [PMID: 14661757]