9-Methylxanthine (BioDeep_00000053809)

Main id: BioDeep_00000014444

 

human metabolite


代谢物信息卡片


9-methyl-2,3,6,9-tetrahydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione

化学式: C6H6N4O2 (166.0490736)
中文名称: 9-甲基黄嘌呤
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 () 0%

分子结构信息

SMILES: CN1C=NC2=C1NC(=O)NC2=O
InChI: InChI=1S/C6H6N4O2/c1-10-2-7-3-4(10)8-6(12)9-5(3)11/h2H,1H3,(H2,8,9,11,12)

描述信息

9-Methylxanthine is a diuretic agent that serves as a smooth muscle relexant and cardiac muscle and CNS stimulant. Clinically, it is employed as a bronchodilator. 9-Methylxanthine is found to be effective in treating apnea in preterm infants (PMID: 11686952). In another study, 9-Methylxanthine, as a chemical relatives of caffeine, is able to evoke contractures in mammalian heart. (PMID: 1226453)

同义名列表

4 个代谢物同义名

9-methyl-2,3,6,9-tetrahydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione; 1H-Purine-2,6-dione,3,9-dihydro-9-methyl-; 9-Methylxanthine; Methylxanthine



数据库引用编号

7 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

1 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有:

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息,我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表,这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序,取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘,得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序,取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中,存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称,可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Angela Sotelo, Daniela Soleri, Carmen Wacher, Argelia Sánchez-Chinchillas, Rosa Maria Argote. Chemical and nutritional composition of tejate, a traditional maize and cacao beverage from the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, Mexico. Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands). 2012 Jun; 67(2):148-55. doi: 10.1007/s11130-012-0281-5. [PMID: 22407326]
  • Ritesh Agrawal, Pratima Jain, S N Dikshit. Linagliptin: a novel methylxanthin based approved dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor. Current drug targets. 2012 Jun; 13(7):970-83. doi: 10.2174/138945012800675731. [PMID: 22420306]
  • Vidya Perera, Annette S Gross, Andrew J McLachlan. Measurement of CYP1A2 activity: a focus on caffeine as a probe. Current drug metabolism. 2012 Jun; 13(5):667-78. doi: 10.2174/1389200211209050667. [PMID: 22554278]
  • Paulo C Cavatte, Nélson F Rodríguez-López, Samuel C V Martins, Mariela S Mattos, Lílian M V P Sanglard, Fábio M Damatta. Functional analysis of the relative growth rate, chemical composition, construction and maintenance costs, and the payback time of Coffea arabica L. leaves in response to light and water availability. Journal of experimental botany. 2012 May; 63(8):3071-82. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ers027. [PMID: 22378951]
  • Young-Rye Kang, Hak-Yong Lee, Jung-Hoon Kim, Dea-In Moon, Min-Young Seo, Sang-Hoon Park, Kwang-Ho Choi, Chang-Ryong Kim, Sang-Hyun Kim, Ji-Hyun Oh, Seong-Wan Cho, Sun-Young Kim, Min-Gul Kim, Soo-Wan Chae, Okjin Kim, Hong-Geun Oh. Anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet. Laboratory animal research. 2012 Mar; 28(1):23-9. doi: 10.5625/lar.2012.28.1.23. [PMID: 22474471]
  • Dan Shan, Hong Mei Wu, Qi Yuan Yuan, Jun Li, Rong Le Zhou, Guan J Liu. Pentoxifylline for diabetic kidney disease. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2012 Feb; ?(2):CD006800. doi: 10.1002/14651858.cd006800.pub2. [PMID: 22336824]
  • Diego Jose Z Delfiol, Jose P Oliveira-Filho, Fernanda L Casalecchi, Thatiane Kievitsbosch, Carlos A Hussni, Franklin Riet-Correa, João P Araujo, Alexandre S Borges. Equine poisoning by coffee husk (Coffea arabica L.). BMC veterinary research. 2012 01; 8(?):4. doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-4. [PMID: 22239973]
  • Shereen Abdelghaffar, Yasmeen Mansi, Reem Ibrahim, Dina Mohamed. Red blood transfusion in preterm infants: changes in glucose, electrolytes and acid base balance. Asian journal of transfusion science. 2012 Jan; 6(1):36-41. doi: 10.4103/0973-6247.95049. [PMID: 22623841]
  • Swen Langer, Lisa J Marshall, Andrea J Day, Michael R A Morgan. Flavanols and methylxanthines in commercially available dark chocolate: a study of the correlation with nonfat cocoa solids. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2011 Aug; 59(15):8435-41. doi: 10.1021/jf201398t. [PMID: 21699218]
  • Robert L Brent, Mildred S Christian, Robert M Diener. Evaluation of the reproductive and developmental risks of caffeine. Birth defects research. Part B, Developmental and reproductive toxicology. 2011 Apr; 92(2):152-87. doi: 10.1002/bdrb.20288. [PMID: 21370398]
  • Mark Y Stoeckle, Catherine C Gamble, Rohan Kirpekar, Grace Young, Selena Ahmed, Damon P Little. Commercial teas highlight plant DNA barcode identification successes and obstacles. Scientific reports. 2011; 1(?):42. doi: 10.1038/srep00042. [PMID: 22355561]
  • Maurice J Arnaud. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of natural methylxanthines in animal and man. Handbook of experimental pharmacology. 2011; ?(200):33-91. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-13443-2_3. [PMID: 20859793]
  • Hiroshi Ashihara, Misako Kato, Alan Crozier. Distribution, biosynthesis and catabolism of methylxanthines in plants. Handbook of experimental pharmacology. 2011; ?(200):11-31. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-13443-2_2. [PMID: 20859792]
  • Niels P Riksen, Paul Smits, Gerard A Rongen. The cardiovascular effects of methylxanthines. Handbook of experimental pharmacology. 2011; ?(200):413-37. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-13443-2_16. [PMID: 20859806]
  • Bertrand Lell, Carsten Köhler, Betty Wamola, Christopher Ho Olola, Esther Kivaya, Gilbert Kokwaro, David Wypij, Sadik Mithwani, Terrie E Taylor, Peter G Kremsner, Charles R J C Newton. Pentoxifylline as an adjunct therapy in children with cerebral malaria. Malaria journal. 2010 Dec; 9(?):368. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-368. [PMID: 21176151]
  • Salvatore Patanè, Filippo Marte, Felice Carmelo La Rosa, Roberto La Rocca. Atrial fibrillation associated with chocolate intake abuse and chronic salbutamol inhalation abuse. International journal of cardiology. 2010 Nov; 145(2):e74-e76. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.12.159. [PMID: 19171401]
  • Hoe Suk Kim, Hyoungsu Kim, Kyong Soo Park, Woo Kyung Moon. Evaluation of porcine pancreatic islets transplanted in the kidney capsules of diabetic mice using a clinically approved superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) and a 1.5T MR scanner. Korean journal of radiology. 2010 Nov; 11(6):673-82. doi: 10.3348/kjr.2010.11.6.673. [PMID: 21076594]
  • Sophie L Stocker, Michael E Franklin, Jacqueline M Anderson, Peter I Pillans, Kenneth M Williams, Andrew J McLachlan, Richard O Day, Paul J Taylor. Measurement of urinary oxypurinol by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2010 Sep; 878(25):2363-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.07.017. [PMID: 20702150]
  • Uchenna J Unachukwu, Selena Ahmed, Adam Kavalier, James T Lyles, Edward J Kennelly. White and green teas (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis): variation in phenolic, methylxanthine, and antioxidant profiles. Journal of food science. 2010 Aug; 75(6):C541-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01705.x. [PMID: 20722909]
  • Limei Qin, Yaosheng Chen, Yuna Niu, Weiquan Chen, Qiwei Wang, Shuqi Xiao, Anning Li, Ying Xie, Jing Li, Xiao Zhao, Zuyong He, Delin Mo. A deep investigation into the adipogenesis mechanism: profile of microRNAs regulating adipogenesis by modulating the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. BMC genomics. 2010 May; 11(?):320. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-320. [PMID: 20492721]
  • Michael J Simmonds, Clare L Minahan, Surendran Sabapathy. Caffeine improves supramaximal cycling but not the rate of anaerobic energy release. European journal of applied physiology. 2010 May; 109(2):287-95. doi: 10.1007/s00421-009-1351-8. [PMID: 20082092]
  • Manoela A Vieira, Marcelo Maraschin, Cristiane M Pagliosa, Rossana Podestá, Karina N de Simas, Ismael Ivan Rockenbach, Renata D de M C Amboni, Edna R Amante. Phenolic acids and methylxanthines composition and antioxidant properties of mate (Ilex paraguariensis) residue. Journal of food science. 2010 Apr; 75(3):C280-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01548.x. [PMID: 20492280]
  • Cláudia Regina Hentges, Renata Rostirola Guedes, Rita C Silveira, Renato S Procianoy. Serum levels of caffeine in umbilical cord and apnea of prematurity. Jornal de pediatria. 2010 Mar; 86(2):137-42. doi: 10.2223/jped.1990. [PMID: 20361124]
  • Adriana Dillenburg Meinhart, Carolina Schaper Bizzotto, Cristiano Augusto Ballus, Ana Cecília Poloni Rybka, Merenice Roberto Sobrinho, Romina Sofia Cerro-Quintana, José Teixeira-Filho, Helena Teixeira Godoy. Methylxanthines and phenolics content extracted during the consumption of mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil) beverages. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2010 Feb; 58(4):2188-93. doi: 10.1021/jf903781w. [PMID: 20058928]
  • Adam S Ptolemy, Emma Tzioumis, Arjun Thomke, Sami Rifai, Mark Kellogg. Quantification of theobromine and caffeine in saliva, plasma and urine via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: a single analytical protocol applicable to cocoa intervention studies. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2010 Feb; 878(3-4):409-16. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.12.019. [PMID: 20045386]
  • Soheila Mojdeh, Samire Shahin, Gholamreza Khalili. Effect of black tea on enteral feeding tolerance in ICU patients. Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research. 2010; 15(3):125-9. doi: NULL. [PMID: 21589775]
  • Elzbieta Wyska. Pharmacokinetic interaction between verapamil and methylxanthine derivatives in mice. Drug metabolism letters. 2010 Jan; 4(1):15-24. doi: 10.2174/187231210790980390. [PMID: 20201780]
  • Elzbieta Wyska. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of methylxanthine derivatives in mice challenged with high-dose lipopolysaccharide. Pharmacology. 2010; 85(5):264-71. doi: 10.1159/000288734. [PMID: 20389149]
  • Elayne C de Morais, Aliny Stefanuto, Graziela A Klein, Brunna C B Boaventura, Fernanda de Andrade, Elisabeth Wazlawik, Patrícia F Di Pietro, Marcelo Maraschin, Edson L da Silva. Consumption of yerba mate ( Ilex paraguariensis ) improves serum lipid parameters in healthy dyslipidemic subjects and provides an additional LDL-cholesterol reduction in individuals on statin therapy. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2009 Sep; 57(18):8316-24. doi: 10.1021/jf901660g. [PMID: 19694438]
  • Mark A Klebanoff, Jun Zhang, Cuilin Zhang, Richard J Levine. Maternal serum theobromine and the development of preeclampsia. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). 2009 Sep; 20(5):727-32. doi: 10.1097/ede.0b013e3181aba664. [PMID: 19535985]
  • Roberto Gotti, Sandra Furlanetto, Silvia Lanteri, Stefano Olmo, Alessandro Ragaini, Vanni Cavrini. Differentiation of green tea samples by chiral CD-MEKC analysis of catechins content. Electrophoresis. 2009 Aug; 30(16):2922-30. doi: 10.1002/elps.200800795. [PMID: 19637216]
  • Olav A Gressner, Chunfang Gao, Katharina Rehbein, Birgit Lahme, Monika Siluschek, Thomas Berg, Tobias Müller, Axel M Gressner. Elevated concentrations of 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in chronic liver disease propose therapeutic trials with peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma-inducing drugs. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver. 2009 May; 29(5):730-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2008.01895.x. [PMID: 19018984]
  • Vasundhara Sharma, L Jagan Mohan Rao. A thought on the biological activities of black tea. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2009 May; 49(5):379-404. doi: 10.1080/10408390802068066. [PMID: 19399668]
  • Noha N Atia, Peter York, Brian J Clark. Development and validation of a rapid and efficient method for simultaneous determination of methylxanthines and their metabolites in urine using monolithic HPLC columns. Journal of separation science. 2009 Apr; 32(7):931-8. doi: 10.1002/jssc.200800655. [PMID: 19266550]
  • Richard J Bloomer, Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman, Kelley G Hammond, Brian K Schilling, Adrianna A Weber, Bradford J Cole. Dietary supplement increases plasma norepinephrine, lipolysis, and metabolic rate in resistance trained men. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2009 01; 6(?):4. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-6-4. [PMID: 19175919]
  • V Nesek-Adam, D Vnuk, Z Rasić, V Rumenjak, J Kos, Z Krstonijević. Comparison of the effects of low intra-abdominal pressure and pentoxifylline on oxidative stress during CO2 pneumoperitoneum in rabbits. European surgical research. Europaische chirurgische Forschung. Recherches chirurgicales europeennes. 2009; 43(4):330-7. doi: 10.1159/000237747. [PMID: 19776590]
  • Betina B Strassmann, Ana R Vieira, Enio L Pedrotti, Hiliana N F Morais, Paulo F Dias, Marcelo Maraschin. Quantitation of methylxanthinic alkaloids and phenolic compounds in mate (Ilex paraguariensis) and their effects on blood vessel formation in chick embryos. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2008 Sep; 56(18):8348-53. doi: 10.1021/jf801041f. [PMID: 18729465]
  • Abbe Maleyki Mhd Jalil, Amin Ismail. Polyphenols in cocoa and cocoa products: is there a link between antioxidant properties and health?. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2008 Sep; 13(9):2190-219. doi: 10.3390/molecules13092190. [PMID: 18830150]
  • Huihui Kong, Peter P Jones, Andrea Koop, Lin Zhang, Henry J Duff, S R Wayne Chen. Caffeine induces Ca2+ release by reducing the threshold for luminal Ca2+ activation of the ryanodine receptor. The Biochemical journal. 2008 Sep; 414(3):441-52. doi: 10.1042/bj20080489. [PMID: 18518861]
  • Elizabeth W Triche, Laura M Grosso, Kathleen Belanger, Amy S Darefsky, Neal L Benowitz, Michael B Bracken. Chocolate consumption in pregnancy and reduced likelihood of preeclampsia. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). 2008 May; 19(3):459-64. doi: 10.1097/ede.0b013e31816a1d17. [PMID: 18379424]
  • Satoru Otani, Masahiko Kuinose, Takashi Murakami, Shinya Saito, Hiromi Iwagaki, Noriaki Tanaka, Kazuo Tanemoto. Preoperative oral administration of pentoxifylline ameliorates respiratory index after cardiopulmonary bypass through decreased production of IL-6. Acta medica Okayama. 2008 Apr; 62(2):69-74. doi: 10.18926/amo/30962. [PMID: 18464882]
  • Jhuma Sankar, Rakesh Lodha, S K Kabra. Doxofylline: The next generation methylxanthine. Indian journal of pediatrics. 2008 Mar; 75(3):251-4. doi: 10.1007/s12098-008-0054-1. [PMID: 18376093]
  • Vincent J Dalbo, Michael D Roberts, Jeffrey R Stout, Chad M Kerksick. Acute effects of ingesting a commercial thermogenic drink on changes in energy expenditure and markers of lipolysis. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2008 Feb; 5(?):6. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-5-6. [PMID: 18289388]
  • Hideo Nakabayashi, Takashi Hashimoto, Hitoshi Ashida, Shin Nishiumi, Kazuki Kanazawa. Inhibitory effects of caffeine and its metabolites on intracellular lipid accumulation in murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes. BioFactors (Oxford, England). 2008; 34(4):293-302. doi: 10.3233/bio-2009-1083. [PMID: 19850984]
  • A Schubert, D F Pereira, F F Zanin, S H Alves, R C R Beck, M L Athayde. Comparison of antioxidant activities and total polyphenolic and methylxanthine contents between the unripe fruit and leaves of Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. Die Pharmazie. 2007 Nov; 62(11):876-80. doi: ". [PMID: 18065107]
  • Jennifer M Raoul, Marc R Peterson, Theresa C Peterson. A novel drug interaction between the quinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin and a chiral metabolite of pentoxifylline. Biochemical pharmacology. 2007 Aug; 74(4):639-46. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.05.013. [PMID: 17599808]
  • Rosana Filip, Turner Sebastian, Graciela Ferraro, Claudia Anesini. Effect of Ilex extracts and isolated compounds on peroxidase secretion of rat submandibulary glands. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2007 Apr; 45(4):649-55. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.10.014. [PMID: 17141390]
  • Katarzyna Jankiewicz, Magdalena Chrościńska-Krawczyk, Barbara Błaszczyk, Stanisław J Czuczwar. [Caffeine and antiepileptic drugs: experimental and clinical data]. Przeglad lekarski. 2007; 64(11):965-7. doi: NULL. [PMID: 18409414]
  • Mendel Friedman. Overview of antibacterial, antitoxin, antiviral, and antifungal activities of tea flavonoids and teas. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2007 Jan; 51(1):116-34. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200600173. [PMID: 17195249]
  • Philip J Gregory. Evaluation of the stimulant content of dietary supplements marketed as 'ephedra-free'. Journal of herbal pharmacotherapy. 2007; 7(1):65-72. doi: 10.1080/j157v07n01_06. [PMID: 17594988]
  • Silvina B Lotito, Balz Frei. Consumption of flavonoid-rich foods and increased plasma antioxidant capacity in humans: cause, consequence, or epiphenomenon?. Free radical biology & medicine. 2006 Dec; 41(12):1727-46. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.04.033. [PMID: 17157175]
  • Seok Jun Moon, Michael Köttgen, Yuchen Jiao, Hong Xu, Craig Montell. A taste receptor required for the caffeine response in vivo. Current biology : CB. 2006 Sep; 16(18):1812-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2006.07.024. [PMID: 16979558]
  • Georgia Katsikogianni, Konstantinos Avgoustakis. Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles: drug loading and release properties. Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology. 2006 Sep; 6(9-10):3080-6. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2006.404. [PMID: 17048521]
  • Sabeena Farhath, Zubair H Aghai, Tarek Nakhla, Judy Saslow, Zhaoping He, Sam Soundar, Devendra I Mehta. Pepsin, a reliable marker of gastric aspiration, is frequently detected in tracheal aspirates from premature ventilated neonates: relationship with feeding and methylxanthine therapy. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2006 Sep; 43(3):336-41. doi: 10.1097/01.mpg.0000232015.56155.03. [PMID: 16954956]
  • Omer Ridvan Tarhan, Ibrahim Barut, Recep Sutcu, Yusuf Akdeniz, Onur Akturk. Pentoxifylline, a methyl xanthine derivative, reduces peritoneal adhesions and increases peritoneal fibrinolysis in rats. The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine. 2006 Jul; 209(3):249-55. doi: 10.1620/tjem.209.249. [PMID: 16778372]
  • Raquel Gomes da Costa Silva, Fabio Augusto. Sol-gel molecular imprinted ormosil for solid-phase extraction of methylxanthines. Journal of chromatography. A. 2006 May; 1114(2):216-23. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.03.073. [PMID: 16616927]
  • Hiroko Inoue, Kazuo Kobayashi-Hattori, Yumi Horiuchi, Yuichi Oishi, Souichi Arai, Toshichika Takita. Regulation of the body fat percentage in developmental-stage rats by methylxanthine derivatives in a high-fat diet. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry. 2006 May; 70(5):1134-9. doi: 10.1271/bbb.70.1134. [PMID: 16717413]
  • Ilhan Golbasi, Halide Akbas, Sebahat Ozdem, Sabir Ukan, Sadi S Ozdem, Hanife Kabukçu, Cengiz Turkay, Omer Bayezid. The effect of pentoxifylline on haemolysis during cardiopulmonary bypass in open-heart surgery. Acta cardiologica. 2006 Feb; 61(1):7-11. doi: 10.2143/ac.61.1.2005134. [PMID: 16485727]
  • Peter J Barnes. Drugs for asthma. British journal of pharmacology. 2006 Jan; 147 Suppl 1(?):S297-303. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706437. [PMID: 16402117]
  • Waldecir P Lima, Luiz C Carnevali, Robson Eder, Luis Fernando B P Costa Rosa, Elfriede M Bacchi, Marília C L Seelaender. Lipid metabolism in trained rats: effect of guarana (Paullinia cupana Mart.) supplementation. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland). 2005 Dec; 24(6):1019-28. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2005.08.004. [PMID: 16182414]
  • P A Nimal Punyasiri, Sarath B Abeysinghe, Vijaya Kumar. Preformed and induced chemical resistance of tea leaf against Exobasidium vexans infection. Journal of chemical ecology. 2005 Jun; 31(6):1315-24. doi: 10.1007/s10886-005-5288-z. [PMID: 16222773]
  • Fernando Chaves, Catarina F P Teixeira, José María Gutiérrez. Role of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 in the local tissue damage induced by Bothrops asper snake venom: an experimental assessment in mice. Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology. 2005 Feb; 45(2):171-8. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.10.005. [PMID: 15626366]
  • M Bénard, M J Boutroy, I Glorieux, C Casper. [Determinants of doxapram utilization: a survey of practice in the French Neonatal and Intensive Care Units]. Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie. 2005 Feb; 12(2):151-5. doi: 10.1016/j.arcped.2004.10.024. [PMID: 15694538]
  • Raul Coimbra, Rafael Dib Porcides, Heidi Melbostad, William Loomis, Maria Tobar, David B Hoyt, Paul Wolf. Nonspecific phosphodiesterase inhibition attenuates liver injury in acute endotoxemia. Surgical infections. 2005; 6(1):73-85. doi: 10.1089/sur.2005.6.73. [PMID: 15865553]
  • Carlo G Zambonin, Antonella Aresta, Francesco Palmisano. Determination of methylxanthines in urine by liquid chromatography with diode array UV detection. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2004 Nov; 36(3):621-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.07.010. [PMID: 15522539]
  • C Salerno, C Crifò. Urinary methylxanthine and autistic disorder: absence of previously reported correlation. Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids. 2004 Oct; 23(8-9):1249-51. doi: 10.1081/ncn-200027511. [PMID: 15571239]
  • Mirosława Zydroń, Jacek Baranowski, Irena Baranowska. Separation, pre-concentration, and HPLC analysis of methylxanthines in urine samples. Journal of separation science. 2004 Oct; 27(14):1166-72. doi: 10.1002/jssc.200401841. [PMID: 15537072]
  • K Selim, C Hüseyin, K H Ibrahim, B U Hasan, U Kazim, K Hüseyin. Effect of pentoxifylline on tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 levels in neonatal sepsis. The Medical journal of Malaysia. 2004 Aug; 59(3):391-4. doi: NULL. [PMID: 15727386]
  • Yung-Ming Chen, Yee-Yung Ng, Shuei-Liong Lin, Wen-Chih Chiang, Hui Y Lan, Tun-Jun Tsai. Pentoxifylline suppresses renal tumour necrosis factor-alpha and ameliorates experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis in rats. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. 2004 May; 19(5):1106-15. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfh127. [PMID: 14993492]
  • Shinjiro Ogita, Hirotaka Uefuji, Masayuki Morimoto, Hiroshi Sano. Application of RNAi to confirm theobromine as the major intermediate for caffeine biosynthesis in coffee plants with potential for construction of decaffeinated varieties. Plant molecular biology. 2004 Apr; 54(6):931-41. doi: 10.1007/s11103-004-0393-x. [PMID: 15604660]
  • David Scott, Jane A Rycroft, Jennifer Aspen, Clare Chapman, Bryce Brown. The effect of drinking tea at high altitude on hydration status and mood. European journal of applied physiology. 2004 Apr; 91(4):493-8. doi: 10.1007/s00421-003-1015-z. [PMID: 14872247]
  • Alexander Jetter, Martina Kinzig-Schippers, Michael Illauer, Robert Hermann, Katharina Erb, Jürgen Borlak, Helga Wolf, Gillian Smith, Ingolf Cascorbi, Fritz Sörgel, Uwe Fuhr. Phenotyping of N-acetyltransferase type 2 by caffeine from uncontrolled dietary exposure. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2004 Mar; 60(1):17-21. doi: 10.1007/s00228-003-0718-8. [PMID: 14747882]
  • Mohammad H Boskabady, Batool Shirmohammadi, Parastoo Jandaghi, Sahar Kiani. Possible mechanism(s) for relaxant effect of aqueous and macerated extracts from Nigella sativa on tracheal chains of guinea pig. BMC pharmacology. 2004 Feb; 4(?):3. doi: 10.1186/1471-2210-4-3. [PMID: 15070429]
  • R J Maughan, J Griffin. Caffeine ingestion and fluid balance: a review. Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association. 2003 Dec; 16(6):411-20. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-277x.2003.00477.x. [PMID: 19774754]
  • Carla C A Cardoso, Ernani R Paviani, Lavínia A Cruz, Fátima C R Guma, Radovan Borojevic, Regina M Guaragna. Effect of pentoxifylline on arachidonic acid metabolism, neutral lipid synthesis and accumulation during induction of the lipocyte phenotype by retinol in murine hepatic stellate cell. Molecular and cellular biochemistry. 2003 Dec; 254(1-2):37-46. doi: 10.1023/a:1027356412399. [PMID: 14674680]
  • A R Campos, A I S Barros, F A Santos, V S N Rao. Guarana (Paullinia cupana Mart.) offers protection against gastric lesions induced by ethanol and indomethacin in rats. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2003 Dec; 17(10):1199-202. doi: 10.1002/ptr.1212. [PMID: 14669256]
  • I S Oliveira-Junior, B V Pinheiro, I D C G Silva, R Salomão, R L Zollner, O S Beppu. Pentoxifylline decreases tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 during high tidal volume. Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas. 2003 Oct; 36(10):1349-57. doi: 10.1590/s0100-879x2003001000011. [PMID: 14502367]
  • V Shukla, R P Gude. Amelioration of B16F10 melanoma cells induced oxidative stress in DBA/2 mice by pentoxifylline. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR. 2003 Sep; 22(3):407-10. doi: ". [PMID: 14582699]
  • A Colson, B Willems, J-P Thissen. Inhibition of TNF-alpha production by pentoxifylline does not prevent endotoxin-induced decrease in serum IGF-I. The Journal of endocrinology. 2003 Jul; 178(1):101-9. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.1780101. [PMID: 12844341]
  • Vivek Shukla, Rajiv P Gude. Potentiation of lipid peroxidation in B16F10 and B16F1 melanoma cells by caffeine, a methylxanthine derivative: relationship to intracellular glutathione. Chemotherapy. 2003 May; 49(1-2):71-5. doi: 10.1159/000069785. [PMID: 12714815]
  • Aydin Yagmurlu, M Emin Boleken, Dilek Ertoy, Murat Ozsan, I Haluk Gokcora, Huseyin Dindar. Preventive effect of pentoxifylline on renal scarring in rat model of pyelonephritis. Urology. 2003 May; 61(5):1037-41. doi: 10.1016/s0090-4295(02)02428-7. [PMID: 12736043]
  • Jan Glogowski, Douglas R Danforth, Andrzej Ciereszko. Inhibition of alkaline phosphatase activity of boar semen by pentoxifylline, caffeine, and theophylline. Journal of andrology. 2002 Nov; 23(6):783-92. doi: NULL. [PMID: 12399523]
  • Franck A Belibi, Darren P Wallace, Tamio Yamaguchi, Marcy Christensen, Gail Reif, Jared J Grantham. The effect of caffeine on renal epithelial cells from patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN. 2002 Nov; 13(11):2723-9. doi: 10.1097/01.asn.0000025282.48298.7b. [PMID: 12397042]
  • I S Serin, B Ozçelik, T Bekyurek, F Ozturk, N Koc, Y Sahin. Effects of pentoxifylline in the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in a rabbit model. Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology. 2002 Oct; 16(5):355-9. doi: 10.1080/gye.16.5.355.359. [PMID: 12587528]
  • Marleny D A Saldaña, Carsten Zetzl, Rahoma S Mohamed, G Brunner. Extraction of methylxanthines from guaraná seeds, maté leaves, and cocoa beans using supercritical carbon dioxide and ethanol. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2002 Aug; 50(17):4820-6. doi: 10.1021/jf020128v. [PMID: 12166966]
  • K L Khanduja, R K Sangari, A Bhardwaj. Caffeine, quercetin and alizarin stimulate the exhalation of metabolic products of [14C]-N-nitrosodiethylamine in mice. Indian journal of experimental biology. 2002 Jun; 40(6):739-44. doi: ". [PMID: 12587722]
  • Michael J Myers, Mary J Baarsch, Michael P Murtaugh. Effects of pentoxifylline on inflammatory cytokine expression and acute pleuropneumonia in swine. Immunobiology. 2002 Mar; 205(1):17-34. doi: 10.1078/0171-2985-00108. [PMID: 11999342]
  • C Raetsch, J D Jia, G Boigk, M Bauer, E G Hahn, E-O Riecken, D Schuppan. Pentoxifylline downregulates profibrogenic cytokines and procollagen I expression in rat secondary biliary fibrosis. Gut. 2002 Feb; 50(2):241-7. doi: 10.1136/gut.50.2.241. [PMID: 11788567]
  • A Kakuyama, Y Sadzuka. Effect of methylxanthine derivatives on doxorubicin transport and antitumor activity. Current drug metabolism. 2001 Dec; 2(4):379-95. doi: 10.2174/1389200013338270. [PMID: 11766989]
  • K A Georgia, V F Samanidou, I N Papadoyannis. Use of novel solid-phase extraction sorbent materials for high-performance liquid chromatography quantitation of caffeine metabolism products methylxanthines and methyluric acids in samples of biological origin. Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications. 2001 Aug; 759(2):209-18. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00251-1. [PMID: 11499474]
  • R P Gude, L G Menon, S G Rao. Effect of Caffeine, a xanthine derivative, in the inhibition of experimental lung metastasis induced by B16F10 melanoma cells. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR. 2001 Jun; 20(2):287-92. doi: NULL. [PMID: 11484989]
  • A De Giorgi, F De Negri, R Fioriti, C Giannarelli, F Carmassi. Creatinine clearance overestimated glomerular filtration rate in a heavy tea-drinker. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation. 2001 Apr; 37(4):877-8. doi: 10.1016/s0272-6386(01)80144-x. [PMID: 11273893]
  • S Murray, A O Odupitan, B P Murray, A R Boobis, R J Edwards. Inhibition of human CYP1A2 activity in vitro by methylxanthines: potent competitive inhibition by 8-phenyltheophylline. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems. 2001 Mar; 31(3):135-51. doi: 10.1080/00498250110043292. [PMID: 11465391]