Diadenosine tetraphosphate (BioDeep_00000004634)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00001868640

human metabolite Endogenous blood metabolite


代谢物信息卡片


[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy]({[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)phosphinic acid

化学式: C20H28N10O19P4 (836.0482658)
中文名称:
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(blood) 35.71%

分子结构信息

SMILES: C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@H](n2cnc3c(N)ncnc23)O1)O)O)OP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@H](n2cnc3c(N)ncnc23)O1)O)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C20H28N10O19P4/c21-15-9-17(25-3-23-15)29(5-27-9)19-13(33)11(31)7(45-19)1-43-50(35,36)47-52(39,40)49-53(41,42)48-51(37,38)44-2-8-12(32)14(34)20(46-8)30-6-28-10-16(22)24-4-26-18(10)30/h3-8,11-14,19-20,31-34H,1-2H2,(H,35,36)(H,37,38)(H,39,40)(H,41,42)(H2,21,23,25)(H2,22,24,26)

描述信息

Diadenosine tetraphosphate (AP4A) is a diadenosine polyphosphate. Diadenosine polyphosphates (APnAs, n=3-6) are a family of endogenous vasoactive purine dinucleotides which have been isolated from thrombocytes. APnAs have been demonstrated to be involved in the control of vascular tone as well as the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells and hence, possibly, in atherogenesis. APnAs isolated substances are Ap3A, Ap4A, Ap5A, and Ap6A. APnAs are naturally occurring substances that facilitate tear secretion; they are released from the corneal epithelium, they stimulate tear production and therefore they may be considered as physiological modulators of tear secretion. The APnAs were discovered in the mid-sixties in the course of studies on aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS). APnAs have emerged as intracellular and extracellular signalling molecules implicated in the maintenance and regulation of vital cellular functions and become considered as second messengers. Great variety of physiological and pathological effects in mammalian cells was found to be associated with alterations of APnAs. APnAs are polyphosphated nucleotidic substances which are found in the CNS and are known to be released in a calcium-dependent manner from storage vesicles in brain synaptosomes. AP5A is a specific adenylate kinase inhibitor in the hippocampus, decreasing the rate of decomposition of ADP and the formation of ATP; a pathway that influences the availability of purines in the central nervous system. AP4A is the only APnA that can induce a considerable increase in [Ca2+] in endothelial cells, indicating that its vasoactive effects are comparable to the known effects of arginine vasopressin, Angiotensin II, and ATP. AP4A is a ubiquitous ApnA is a signal molecule for DNA replication in mammalian cells. AP4A is a primer for oligoadenylate synthesis catalyzed by interferon-inducible 2-5A synthetase. AP4A is an avid inhibitor of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN). EDN is a catalytically proficient member of the pancreatic ribonuclease superfamily secreted along with other eosinophil granule proteins during innate host defense responses and various eosinophil-related inflammatory and allergic diseases. The ribonucleolytic activity of EDN is central to its antiviral and neurotoxic activities and possibly to other facets of its biological activity. (PMID: 11212966, 12738682, 11810214, 9607303, 8922753, 9187362, 16401072, 9694344, 9351706, 1953194).
Diadenosine tetraphosphate (AP4A) is a diadenosine polyphosphate. Diadenosine polyphosphates (APnAs, n=3-6) are a family of endogenous vasoactive purine dinucleotides which have been isolated from thrombocytes. APnAs have been demonstrated to be involved in the control of vascular tone as well as the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells and hence, possibly, in atherogenesis. APnAs isolated substances are Ap3A, Ap4A, Ap5A, and Ap6A. APnAs are naturally occurring substances that facilitate tear secretion; they are released from the corneal epithelium, they stimulate tear production and therefore they may be considered as physiological modulators of tear secretion. The APnAs were discovered in the mid-sixties in the course of studies on aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS). APnAs have emerged as intracellular and extracellular signalling molecules implicated in the maintenance and regulation of vital cellular functions and become considered as second messengers. Great variety of physiological and pathological effects in mammalian cells was found to be associated with alterations of APnAs. APnAs are polyphosphated nucleotidic substances which are found in the CNS and are known to be released in a calcium-dependent manner from storage vesicles in brain synaptosomes. AP5A is a specific adenylate kinase inhibitor in the hippocampus, decreasing the rate of decomposition of ADP and the formation of ATP; a pathway that influences the availability of purines in the central nervous system.
D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D010975 - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors

同义名列表

24 个代谢物同义名

[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy]({[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)phosphinic acid; Adenosine 5-tetraphosphate, 5-ester with adenosine; p(1),p(4)-Bis(5-adenosyl) tetraphosphoric acid; P1,P4-Bis(5-adenosyl) tetraphosphate (AppppA); P1,P4-Bis(5-adenosyl) tetraphosphoric acid; P1,P4-Bis(5-adenosyl)tetraphosphoric acid; Diadenosine 5,5-P(1),P(4)--tetraphosphate; Adenosine-(5)-tetraphospho-(5)-adenosine; P(1), P(4)-Diadenosine-5tetraphosphate; P1,P4-Di(adenosin-5-yl)tetraphosphate; Adenosine(5)tetraphospho(5)adenosine; Diadenosine 5,5-P1,P4-tetraphosphate; P1,P4-Bis(5-adenosyl) tetraphosphate; P1,P4-Diadenosine-5-tetraphosphate; Bis(5-adenylyl) diphosphoric acid; Diadenosine tetraphosphoric acid; 5,5-diadenosine tetraphosphate; Bis(5-adenosyl)tetraphosphate; bis(5-adenylyl) diphosphate; Diadenosine tetraphosphate; a(5)P4(5)a; (PpA)2; AppppA; Ap4a



数据库引用编号

17 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

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代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

2 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Jędrzej Dobrogojski, Van Hai Nguyen, Joanna Kowalska, Sławomir Borek, Małgorzata Pietrowska-Borek. The Plasma Membrane Purinoreceptor P2K1/DORN1 Is Essential in Stomatal Closure Evoked by Extracellular Diadenosine Tetraphosphate (Ap4A) in Arabidopsis thaliana. International journal of molecular sciences. 2023 Nov; 24(23):. doi: 10.3390/ijms242316688. [PMID: 38069010]
  • Kamil Dąbkowski, Ewelina Kreft, Kornelia Sałaga-Zaleska, Gabriela Chyła, Agnieszka Kuchta, Maciej Jankowski. Redox regulation of hemodynamics response to diadenosine tetraphosphate an agonist of P2 receptors and renal function in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats. Physiological reports. 2021 06; 9(11):e14888. doi: 10.14814/phy2.14888. [PMID: 34110719]
  • Ivan B Yanachkov, Hung Chang, Milka I Yanachkova, Edward J Dix, Michelle A Berny-Lang, Thomas Gremmel, Alan D Michelson, George E Wright, Andrew L Frelinger. New highly active antiplatelet agents with dual specificity for platelet P2Y1 and P2Y12 adenosine diphosphate receptors. European journal of medicinal chemistry. 2016 Jan; 107(?):204-18. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.10.055. [PMID: 26588064]
  • Anna Schulz, Vera Jankowski, Walter Zidek, Joachim Jankowski. Highly sensitive, selective and rapid LC-MS method for simultaneous quantification of diadenosine polyphosphates in human plasma. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2014 Jun; 961(?):91-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.05.018. [PMID: 24869945]
  • Ronald A Albright, William C Chang, Donna Robert, Deborah L Ornstein, Wenxiang Cao, Lynn Liu, Meredith E Redick, J Isaac Young, Enrique M De La Cruz, Demetrios T Braddock. NPP4 is a procoagulant enzyme on the surface of vascular endothelium. Blood. 2012 Nov; 120(22):4432-40. doi: 10.1182/blood-2012-04-425215. [PMID: 22995898]
  • Angel Luis García-Villalón, Nuria Fernández, Luis Monge, Godofredo Diéguez. Coronary response to diadenosine tetraphosphate after ischemia-reperfusion in the isolated rat heart. European journal of pharmacology. 2011 Jun; 660(2-3):394-401. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.04.006. [PMID: 21513710]
  • Hsing-Mao Chu, Feng-Yuan Chen, Tzu-Ping Ko, Andrew H-J Wang. Binding and catalysis of Humulus lupulus adenylate isopentenyltransferase for the synthesis of isopentenylated diadenosine polyphosphates. FEBS letters. 2010 Sep; 584(18):4083-8. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.08.038. [PMID: 20807533]
  • Shay Eliahu, Haim M Barr, Jean Camden, Gary A Weisman, Bilha Fischer. A novel insulin secretagogue based on a dinucleoside polyphosphate scaffold. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 2010 Mar; 53(6):2472-81. doi: 10.1021/jm901621h. [PMID: 20175517]
  • Kim M Branson, Haydyn D T Mertens, James D Swarbrick, Jamie I Fletcher, Lukasz Kedzierski, Kenwyn R Gayler, Paul R Gooley, Brian J Smith. Discovery of inhibitors of lupin diadenosine 5',5'''-P(1),P(4)-tetraphosphate hydrolase by virtual screening. Biochemistry. 2009 Aug; 48(32):7614-20. doi: 10.1021/bi900813x. [PMID: 19603790]
  • Gennady G Yegutkin, Joachim Jankowski, Sirpa Jalkanen, Thomas Günthner, Walter Zidek, Vera Jankowski. Dinucleotide polyphosphates contribute to purinergic signalling via inhibition of adenylate kinase activity. Bioscience reports. 2008 Aug; 28(4):189-94. doi: 10.1042/bsr20080052. [PMID: 18576946]
  • M Jankowski, S Angielski, M Szczepańska-Konkel. Dissociation between the effects of P1, P4-diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) on renal haemodynamics and tubular function in anaesthetized rats. Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society. 2008 Mar; 59(1):129-37. doi: NULL. [PMID: 18441393]
  • Aaron C Asensio, Carmen R Rodríguez-Ferrer, Agustín Castañeyra-Perdomo, Sol Oaknin, Pedro Rotllán. Biochemical analysis of ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase activity in brain membranes indicates involvement of NPP1 isoenzyme in extracellular hydrolysis of diadenosine polyphosphates in central nervous system. Neurochemistry international. 2007 Mar; 50(4):581-90. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2006.11.006. [PMID: 17187902]
  • Anna Stiepanow-Trzeciak, Maciej Jankowski, Stefan Angielski, Miroslawa Szczepanska-Konkel. P1,P4-diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) inhibits proximal tubular reabsorption of sodium in rats. Nephron. Physiology. 2007; 106(1):p13-8. doi: 10.1159/000101488. [PMID: 17406124]
  • D R Elmaleh, A J Fischman, A Tawakol, A Zhu, T M Shoup, U Hoffmann, A-L Brownell, P C Zamecnik. Detection of inflamed atherosclerotic lesions with diadenosine-5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) and positron-emission tomography. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2006 Oct; 103(43):15992-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0607246103. [PMID: 17038498]
  • D Rüsing, E J Verspohl. Influence of diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) on lipid metabolism. Cell biochemistry and function. 2004 Sep; 22(5):333-8. doi: 10.1002/cbf.1111. [PMID: 15338474]
  • Andrzej Guranowski. Metabolism of diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) and related nucleotides in plants; review with historical and general perspective. Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library. 2004 May; 9(?):1398-411. doi: 10.2741/1338. [PMID: 14977555]
  • E J Verspohl, N Hohmeier, M Lempka. Diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) induces a diabetogenic situation: its impact on blood glucose, plasma insulin, gluconeogenesis, glucose uptake and GLUT-4 transporters. Die Pharmazie. 2003 Dec; 58(12):910-5. doi: . [PMID: 14703972]
  • Joachim Jankowski, Vera Jankowski, Udo Laufer, Markus van der Giet, Lars Henning, Martin Tepel, Walter Zidek, Hartmut Schlüter. Identification and quantification of diadenosine polyphosphate concentrations in human plasma. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. 2003 Jul; 23(7):1231-8. doi: 10.1161/01.atv.0000075913.00428.fd. [PMID: 12738682]
  • M Szczepańska-Konkel, G Langner, G Bednarczuk, A Stiepanow-Trzeciak, M Jankowski, S Angielski. Renal haemodynamics and natriuretic responses to intravenous administration of diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in rat. Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society. 2003 Jun; 54(2):163-73. doi: . [PMID: 12832719]
  • A Minelli, L Liguori, I Bellezza, T Renieri, C Castellini. Effects of diadenosine polyphosphates and seminal fluid vesicles on rabbit sperm cells. Reproduction (Cambridge, England). 2003 Jun; 125(6):827-35. doi: 10.1530/rep.0.1250827. [PMID: 12773105]
  • Kenneth A Jacobson, Michael F Jarvis, Michael Williams. Purine and pyrimidine (P2) receptors as drug targets. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 2002 Sep; 45(19):4057-93. doi: 10.1021/jm020046y. [PMID: 12213051]
  • H M Cooper, C R Rosenberg, R H Hilderman. p(1),p(4)-diadenosine 5'-tetraphosphate induces the uptake of arginine and citrulline by a pore on the plasma membrane of bovine aortic endothelial cells. FEBS letters. 2000 Nov; 485(1):57-61. doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(00)02187-6. [PMID: 11086165]
  • I Ahmet, Y Sawa, M Nishimura, T Yamaguchi, M Kitakaze, H Matsuda. Myocardial protection using diadenosine tetraphosphate with pharmacological preconditioning. The Annals of thoracic surgery. 2000 Sep; 70(3):901-5. doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(00)01659-3. [PMID: 11016331]
  • G G Yegutkin, G Burnstock. Inhibitory effects of some purinergic agents on ecto-ATPase activity and pattern of stepwise ATP hydrolysis in rat liver plasma membranes. Biochimica et biophysica acta. 2000 Jun; 1466(1-2):234-44. doi: 10.1016/s0005-2736(00)00165-6. [PMID: 10825445]
  • A von Drygalski, A Ogilvie. Ecto-diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A)-hydrolase is expressed as an ectoenzyme in a variety of mammalian and human cells and adds new aspects to the turnover of Ap4A. BioFactors (Oxford, England). 2000; 11(3):179-87. doi: 10.1002/biof.5520110304. [PMID: 10875305]
  • J L Cartwright, P Britton, M F Minnick, A G McLennan. The IalA invasion gene of Bartonella bacilliformis encodes a (de)nucleoside polyphosphate hydrolase of the MutT motif family and has homologs in other invasive bacteria. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 1999 Mar; 256(3):474-9. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0354. [PMID: 10080922]
  • W Laubinger, G Reiser. Evidence for a G protein-coupled diadenosine-5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) receptor binding site in lung membranes from rat. European journal of pharmacology. 1999 Jan; 366(1):93-100. doi: 10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00902-9. [PMID: 10064157]
  • Y Kikuta, E Ohiwa, K Okada, A Watanabe, S Haruki. Clinical application of diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A:F-1500) for controlled hypotension. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 1999 Jan; 43(1):82-6. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-6576.1999.430117.x. [PMID: 9926194]
  • M van der Giet, J Jankowski, H Schlüter, W Zidek, M Tepel. Mediation of the vasoactive properties of diadenosine tetraphosphate via various purinoceptors. Journal of hypertension. 1998 Dec; 16(12 Pt 2):1939-43. doi: 10.1097/00004872-199816121-00013. [PMID: 9886880]
  • G E Blouse, G Liu, R H Hilderman. Characterization of ATP and P2 agonists binding to the cardiac plasma membrane P1,P4-diadenosine 5'-tetraphosphate receptor. Biochimica et biophysica acta. 1998 Oct; 1375(1-2):61-72. doi: 10.1016/s0005-2736(98)00140-0. [PMID: 9767112]
  • M Khattab, H Hohage, P Hollah, K H Rahn, E Schlatter. Effects of diadenosine polyphosphates on systemic and regional hemodynamics in anesthetized rats. Kidney & blood pressure research. 1998; 21(1):42-9. doi: 10.1159/000025842. [PMID: 9661136]
  • A Minelli, M Moroni, I Mezzasoma. Human seminal plasma soluble 5'-nucleotidase: regulatory aspects of the dephosphorylation of nucleoside 5'-monophosphates. Biochemical and molecular medicine. 1997 Jun; 61(1):95-101. doi: 10.1006/bmme.1997.2589. [PMID: 9232203]
  • J Mateo, P Rotllan, E Marti, I Gomez De Aranda, C Solsona, M T Miras-Portugal. Diadenosine polyphosphate hydrolase from presynaptic plasma membranes of Torpedo electric organ. The Biochemical journal. 1997 May; 323 ( Pt 3)(?):677-84. doi: 10.1042/bj3230677. [PMID: 9169600]
  • A Ogilvie, R Bläsius, E Schulze-Lohoff, R B Sterzel. Adenine dinucleotides: a novel class of signalling molecules. Journal of autonomic pharmacology. 1996 Dec; 16(6):325-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1474-8673.1996.tb00045.x. [PMID: 9131408]
  • H Hohage, C Reinhardt, U Borucki, G Enck, H Schlüter, E Schlatter, W Zidek. Effects of diadenosine polyphosphates on renal function and blood pressure in anesthetized Wistar rats. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN. 1996 Aug; 7(8):1216-22. doi: 10.1681/asn.v781216. [PMID: 8866415]
  • M Edgecombe, A G McLennan, M J Fisher. Characterization of the binding of diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) to rat liver cell membranes. The Biochemical journal. 1996 Mar; 314 ( Pt 2)(?):687-93. doi: 10.1042/bj3140687. [PMID: 8670086]
  • T Kimura, N Hatano, M Wada, K Iwata, Y Kurosaki, T Nakayama, T Yamaura, H Nakajima. Disposition of diadenosine 5',5''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) in rats. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin. 1995 Nov; 18(11):1556-9. doi: 10.1248/bpb.18.1556. [PMID: 8593479]
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  • E Schlatter, I Ankorina, S Haxelmans, R Kleta. Effects of diadenosine polyphosphates, ATP and angiotensin II on cytosolic Ca2+ activity and contraction of rat mesangial cells. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology. 1995 Sep; 430(5):721-8. doi: 10.1007/bf00386167. [PMID: 7478924]
  • K Iwata, S Haruki, T Kimura. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of diadenosine 5',5''-p1,p4-tetraphosphate with precolumn fluorescence derivatization and its application to metabolism study in whole blood. Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical applications. 1995 May; 667(2):339-43. doi: 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00042-h. [PMID: 7663709]
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  • J Walker, P Bossman, B R Lackey, J K Zimmerman, M A Dimmick, R H Hilderman. The adenosine 5',5'',P1,P4-tetraphosphate receptor is at the cell surface of heart cells. Biochemistry. 1993 Dec; 32(50):14009-14. doi: 10.1021/bi00213a034. [PMID: 8268179]
  • H Chen, A G McLennan. The bis(adenosin-N6-yl)alkanes, a family of potential dinucleoside-polyphosphate analogue precursors. Cytotoxicity, adenosine-receptor binding and metabolism. European journal of biochemistry. 1993 Jun; 214(3):935-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17997.x. [PMID: 8391440]
  • F Rodriguez-Pascual, M Torres, P Rotllán, M T Miras-Portugal. Extracellular hydrolysis of diadenosine polyphosphates, ApnA, by bovine chromaffin cells in culture. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics. 1992 Aug; 297(1):176-83. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(92)90657-i. [PMID: 1322112]
  • J Perret, A Hepburn, P Cochaux, J Van Sande, J E Dumont. Diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (AP4A) levels under various proliferative and cytotoxic conditions in several mammalian cell types. Cellular signalling. 1990; 2(1):57-65. doi: 10.1016/0898-6568(90)90033-7. [PMID: 2125462]
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  • J Lüthje, A Ogilvie. Catabolism of Ap4A and Ap3A in whole blood. The dinucleotides are long-lived signal molecules in the blood ending up as intracellular ATP in the erythrocytes. European journal of biochemistry. 1988 Apr; 173(1):241-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb13990.x. [PMID: 3356191]
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  • J Lüthje, A Ogilvie. Catabolism of Ap4A and Ap3A in human serum. Identification of isoenzymes and their partial characterization. European journal of biochemistry. 1987 Dec; 169(2):385-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb13624.x. [PMID: 2826143]
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  • J Lüthje, D Miller, A Ogilvie. Unproportionally high concentrations of diadenosine triphosphate (Ap3A) and diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) in heavy platelets. Consequences for in vitro studies with human platelets. Blut. 1987 Apr; 54(4):193-200. doi: 10.1007/bf00594193. [PMID: 3030468]
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  • C Weinmann-Dorsch, F Grummt. Diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) is compartmentalized in nuclei of mammalian cells. Experimental cell research. 1986 Aug; 165(2):550-4. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(86)90607-5. [PMID: 3720860]
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