Cyclosporin A (BioDeep_00000399819)
Main id: BioDeep_00000002592
natural product PANOMIX_OTCML-2023
代谢物信息卡片
Cyclosporine A
化学式: C62H111N11O12 (1201.8413246)
中文名称: 环胞霉素A
谱图信息:
最多检出来源 () 0%
分子结构信息
SMILES: C/C=C/C[C@@H](C)[C@@H](O)C1C(O)=NC(CC)C(=O)N(C)CC(=O)N(C)C(CC(C)C)C(O)=NC(C(C)C)C(=O)N(C)C(CC(C)C)C(O)=NC(C)C(O)=N[C@H](C)C(=O)N(C)C(CC(C)C)C(=O)N(C)C(CC(C)C)C(=O)N(C)C(C(C)C)C(=O)N1C
InChI: InChI=1S/C62H111N11O12/c1-25-27-28-40(15)52(75)51-56(79)65-43(26-2)58(81)67(18)33-48(74)68(19)44(29-34(3)4)55(78)66-49(38(11)12)61(84)69(20)45(30-35(5)6)54(77)63-41(16)53(76)64-42(17)57(80)70(21)46(31-36(7)8)59(82)71(22)47(32-37(9)10)60(83)72(23)50(39(13)14)62(85)73(51)24/h25,27,34-47,49-52,75H,26,28-33H2,1-24H3,(H,63,77)(H,64,76)(H,65,79)(H,66,78)/b27-25+
描述信息
D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007166 - Immunosuppressive Agents > D003524 - Cyclosporins
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065095 - Calcineurin Inhibitors
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents
D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents
D003879 - Dermatologic Agents
Origin: Microbe; SubCategory_DNP: Peptides, Cyclic peptides, Cyclosporins
Cyclosporin A (Cyclosporine A) is an immunosuppressant which binds to the cyclophilin and inhibits phosphatase activity of protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B/calcineurin) with an IC50 of 5 nM[3]. Cyclosporin A also inhibits CD11a/CD18 adhesion[8].
同义名列表
4 个代谢物同义名
数据库引用编号
9 个数据库交叉引用编号
- ChEBI: CHEBI:91669
- PubChem: 16404350
- LipidMAPS: LMPK14000003
- MeSH: Cyclosporine
- CAS: 59865-13-3
- MoNA: CB000212
- MoNA: CCMSLIB00000531481
- RefMet: Cyclosporin A
- medchemexpress: HY-B0579
分类词条
相关代谢途径
Reactome(0)
BioCyc(0)
PlantCyc(0)
代谢反应
0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。
Reactome(0)
BioCyc(0)
WikiPathways(0)
Plant Reactome(0)
INOH(0)
PlantCyc(0)
COVID-19 Disease Map(0)
PathBank(0)
PharmGKB(0)
0 个相关的物种来源信息
在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：
- PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
- NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
- Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
- Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。
点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。
文献列表
- Qian Li, Hanjing Cao, Xinya Xu, Yumeng Chen, Yufang Zhang, Yanni Mi, Xingmei Zhu, Yongheng Shi, Jiping Liu, Bin Wang, Cang-Bao Xu, Chuan Wang. Resveratrol attenuates cyclosporin A-induced upregulation of the thromboxane A2 receptor and hypertension via the AMPK/SIRT1 and MAPK/NF-κB pathways in the rat mesenteric artery.
European journal of pharmacology.
2024 Jun; 972(?):176543. doi:
10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176543. [PMID: 38582274] - Xiaopei Ma, Yaodong Liu, Jun Wang, Hui Liu, Gang Wei, Weiyue Lu, Yu Liu. Combination of PEGylation and Cationization on Phospholipid-Coated Cyclosporine Nanosuspensions for Enhanced Ocular Drug Delivery.
ACS applied materials & interfaces.
2024 May; 16(21):27040-27054. doi:
10.1021/acsami.4c01732. [PMID: 38743443] - Xiaofeng Zhu, Shanshan Li, Min Wang, Wenbo Yao, Xinhui Huang, Liquan Zhao. Effects of Topical 0.05\% Cyclosporine A on Dry Eye Symptoms and Parameters Following Small Incision Lenticule Extraction.
Journal of refractive surgery (Thorofare, N.J. : 1995).
2024 Apr; 40(4):e229-e238. doi:
10.3928/1081597x-20240311-03. [PMID: 38593259] - Kexin Huang, Rong Guo, Haoyuan Luo, Houqin Liu, Dong Chen, Tao Deng, Jiaxin Li, Jiao He, Zhuping Xu, Man Li, Qin He. Mucoadhesive liposomal delivery system synergizing anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation for enhanced treatment against dry eye disease.
Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.
2024 Apr; 368(?):318-328. doi:
10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.02.043. [PMID: 38428530] - Mari Shimura, Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata, Asuka Fujiwara, Mai Taniguchi, Takayuki Ichinose, Fumie Hamano, Masaaki Uematsu, Takato Inoue, Satoshi Matsuyama, Takahiro Suzuki, Arun K Ghosh, Hideo Shindou, Takao Shimuzu, Hiroaki Mitsuya. A lipid index for risk of hyperlipidemia caused by anti-retroviral drugs.
Antiviral research.
2024 Mar; 223(?):105819. doi:
10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105819. [PMID: 38272319] - Ashwani Mehta. Managing dyslipidemia in solid organ transplant patients.
Indian heart journal.
2024 Mar; 76 Suppl 1(?):S93-S95. doi:
10.1016/j.ihj.2024.01.004. [PMID: 38199560] - Y R Hao, S Y Li, J Y Bao, J Y Wang, A Li, L Tian, Y Jie. [Efficacy of 0.05\% cyclosporine A combined with vitamin A palmitate in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction-related dry eye].
[Zhonghua yan ke za zhi] Chinese journal of ophthalmology.
2024 Feb; 60(2):127-136. doi:
10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20231109-00221. [PMID: 38296318] - Limin Yao, Xiaoli Cai, Xiaoqing Du, Yuxin Ma. Adalimumab induced exacerbation of psoriasis in patients with combined pemphigus: A case report.
Medicine.
2024 Jan; 103(4):e36988. doi:
10.1097/md.0000000000036988. [PMID: 38277534] - Jie Yang, Xiaoling Lu, Meilun Chen, Chunhua Tang, Zheng Wei, Yijie Liu, Hanbing Jiang, Peng Yu. Non-immobilized GO-SELEX screening of aptamers against cyclosporine A and its application in a AuNPs colorimetric aptasensor.
Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications.
2024 01; 16(2):227-236. doi:
10.1039/d3ay01775c. [PMID: 38105729] - Kosei Ishimaru, Masataka Ikeda, Hiroko Deguchi Miyamoto, Shun Furusawa, Ko Abe, Masatsugu Watanabe, Takuya Kanamura, Satoshi Fujita, Ryohei Nishimura, Takayuki Toyohara, Shouji Matsushima, Tomoko Koumura, Ken-Ichi Yamada, Hirotaka Imai, Hiroyuki Tsutsui, Tomomi Ide. Deferasirox Targeting Ferroptosis Synergistically Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Conjunction With Cyclosporine A.
Journal of the American Heart Association.
2024 Jan; 13(1):e031219. doi:
10.1161/jaha.123.031219. [PMID: 38158218] - Marilena Bohley, Andrea E Dillinger, Barbara M Braunger, Ernst R Tamm, Achim Goepferich. Intravenous injection of cyclosporin A loaded lipid nanocapsules fights inflammation and immune system activation in a mouse model of diabetic retinopathy.
Drug delivery and translational research.
2023 11; 13(11):2807-2818. doi:
10.1007/s13346-023-01350-7. [PMID: 37208562] - Ruixin Li, Ningling Wang, Xingxing Chai, Linhai Yang, Kangkang Liu, Hailong He, Shengyun Lin, Yan Yang, Jinsong Jia, Donghua Zhang, Yuemin Gong, Jinning Shi, Guangsheng He, Jianyong Li. Prolonged use of eltrombopag in patients with severe aplastic anemia in the real world.
Clinical and experimental medicine.
2023 Oct; 23(6):2619-2627. doi:
10.1007/s10238-023-00989-3. [PMID: 36645546] - Xiangyu Ge, Shepo Shi, Juan Wang. [Advances of the novel immunosuppressant brasilicardin A].
Sheng wu gong cheng xue bao = Chinese journal of biotechnology.
2023 Sep; 39(9):3605-3614. doi:
10.13345/j.cjb.221006. [PMID: 37805841] - Jia-Hui Su, Yu Hong, Cong-Cong Han, Jie Yu, Xin Guan, Ya-Mei Zhu, Cheng Wang, Ming-Ming Ma, Rui-Ping Pang, Jing-Song Ou, Jia-Guo Zhou, Zi-Yi Zhang, Tao Ban, Si-Jia Liang. Dual action of macrophage miR-204 confines cyclosporine A-induced atherosclerosis.
British journal of pharmacology.
2023 Sep; ?(?):. doi:
10.1111/bph.16240. [PMID: 37702564] - Leonardo T Salgado, Louisi S Oliveira, Juliana Echevarria-Lima, Vanessa M Reis, Daniela B Sudatti, Fabiano L Thompson, Renato C Pereira. Role of ABC Proteins in Secondary Metabolism and Immune (=Defensive) Response in Seaweeds.
Cells.
2023 09; 12(18):. doi:
10.3390/cells12182259. [PMID: 37759481] - Manuela Crasta, Kevin Arteaga, Teresa Peña, Marta Leiva. Topical 1\% cyclosporine eyedrops for the treatment of crystalline corneal dystrophy in dogs.
Open veterinary journal.
2023 09; 13(9):1167-1174. doi:
10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i9.12. [PMID: 37842116] - Nehal S Ramadan, Nesrin M Fayek, Magdy M El-Sayed, Rasha S Mohamed, Ludger A Wessjohann, Mohamed A Farag. Averrhoa carambola L. fruit and stem metabolites profiling and immunostimulatory action mechanisms against cyclosporine induced toxic effects in rat model as analysed using UHPLC/MS-MS-based chemometrics and bioassays.
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.
2023 Aug; ?(?):114001. doi:
10.1016/j.fct.2023.114001. [PMID: 37619832] - Wang Bei, Jiang Qian, Qu Zilu, Chen Kai, Jiang Ruili, Hu Feng, Chen Liuqing. Comparing four immunosuppressive agents for chronic spontaneous urticaria-A network meta-analysis.
International immunopharmacology.
2023 Aug; 123(?):110577. doi:
10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110577. [PMID: 37567010] - T Tan, Y Zheng, Y Li, Y Zeng. [Pharmacogenetic testing improves treatment responses in patients with PLA2R-related membranous nephropathy].
Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University.
2023 Jun; 43(6):1047-1050. doi:
10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.06.23. [PMID: 37439180] - Ka-Ying Wong, Yibo Liu, Liping Zhou, Man-Sau Wong, Juewen Liu. Mucin-targeting-aptamer functionalized liposomes for delivery of cyclosporin A for dry eye diseases.
Journal of materials chemistry. B.
2023 05; 11(21):4684-4694. doi:
10.1039/d3tb00598d. [PMID: 37161679] - Berk Goktepe, Aygul Celtik, Goktug Kivratma, Taylan Ozgur Sezer, Gulay Asci, Huseyin Toz. Is Serum Magnesium Level Associated With Serum Lipid Levels in Kidney Transplant Recipients?.
Transplantation proceedings.
2023 Apr; ?(?):. doi:
10.1016/j.transproceed.2023.01.041. [PMID: 37045703] - Wenqiang Qian, Daozhou Liu, Ying Han, Miao Liu, Bao Liu, Qifeng Ji, Bangle Zhang, Qibing Mei, Siyuan Zhou, Ying Cheng. Cyclosporine A-loaded apoferritin alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by simultaneously blocking ferroptosis and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes.
Acta biomaterialia.
2023 04; 160(?):265-280. doi:
10.1016/j.actbio.2023.02.025. [PMID: 36822483] - Zhong-Xiuzi Gao, Rui Zhou, Ming-Yan Li, Shu-Ting Li, Zi-Hui Mao, Ting-Ting Shu, Dong-Wei Liu, Zhang-Suo Liu, Peng Wu. Activation of Kir4.1/Kir5.1 contributes to the cyclosporin A-induced stimulation of the renal NaCl cotransporter and hyperkalemic hypertension.
Acta physiologica (Oxford, England).
2023 Feb; ?(?):e13948. doi:
10.1111/apha.13948. [PMID: 36764674] - Yongpeng Huang, Hui Tang, Xiangyan Meng, Hui Zhong, Yunyang Song, Bo Chen, Zhiyun Zou. [Rapid and simultaneous determination of two immunosuppressants in whole blood by high performance liquid chromatography].
Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography.
2023 Feb; 41(2):152-159. doi:
10.3724/sp.j.1123.2022.03033. [PMID: 36725711] - Qiaoling Yang, Xunjiang Wang, Hongjing Li, Xuedong Yin, Hongxia Liu, Wenjuan Hu, Ying Qing, Lili Ding, Li Yang, Zhiling Li, Huajun Sun. Integrative analysis of renal microRNA and mRNA to identify hub genes and pivotal pathways associated with cyclosporine-induced acute kidney injury in mice.
Human & experimental toxicology.
2023 Jan; 42(?):9603271231215499. doi:
10.1177/09603271231215499. [PMID: 37950702] - Chun Ye, Zi Han Gao, Zi-Yi Bie, Kai-Qin Chen, Fang Guo Lu, Ke Wei. MXSGD alleviates CsA-induced hypoimmunity lung injury by regulating microflora metabolism.
Frontiers in immunology.
2023; 14(?):1298416. doi:
10.3389/fimmu.2023.1298416. [PMID: 38259457] - Yanjie Qin, Jingxuan Tan, Xuemei Han, Nanxi Wang, Xuejia Zhai, Yongning Lu. Effects of Yinzhihuang on Alleviating Cyclosporine A-Induced Cholestatic Liver Injury via Farnesoid X Receptor-Mediated Regulation of Transporters and Enzymes in Vitro and in Vivo.
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin.
2023; 46(12):1810-1819. doi:
10.1248/bpb.b23-00580. [PMID: 38044100] - Xiaojing Li, Wenwei Zhu, Jizhang Bao, Jiekai Li, Yongming Zhou. Efficacy and safety of cyclosporine-based regimens for primary immune thrombocytopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The Journal of international medical research.
2023 Jan; 51(1):3000605221149870. doi:
10.1177/03000605221149870. [PMID: 36650914] - Donghun Lee, Geun Woo Lee, Sook Hyun Yoon. Relationship between ocular surface temperature and 0.1\% cyclosporine a in dry eye syndrome with meibomian gland dysfunction.
PloS one.
2023; 18(11):e0293472. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0293472. [PMID: 37983211] - Ying Fan, Zhu Zhou, Lei Zhang. Effect of Oregon grape root extracts on P-glycoprotein mediated transport in in vitro cell lines.
Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques.
2023; 26(?):11927. doi:
10.3389/jpps.2023.11927. [PMID: 38304488] - Tian Hao Zhao, Yi Xuan Jiang, Kai Qin Chen, Dan Qiu, Yan Zhe Xu, Chun Ye, Ting Ren, Bo Zhang, Bin Dai, Jue Hu, Jun Lu, Fang Liang Zhou, Rong Xiao, Fang Guo Lu, Ke Wei. Establishment of a novel myocarditis mouse model based on cyclosporine A.
Genes & genomics.
2022 12; 44(12):1593-1605. doi:
10.1007/s13258-022-01267-4. [PMID: 35666459] - Ping-Ping Song, Yu Wang, Yi-Ping Hou, Xue-Wei Mao, Zong-Liang Liu, Min Wei, Jin-Ping Yu, Bi Wang, Yi-Yun Qian, Lu Yan, Shu Xu, Yan-Qin Jiang, Dong-Qin Zhou, Min Yin, Jian Dou. Crucial role of Ca2+ /CN signalling pathway in the antifungal activity of disenecioyl-cis-khellactone against Botrytis cinerea.
Pest management science.
2022 Nov; 78(11):4649-4659. doi:
10.1002/ps.7085. [PMID: 35866518] - Jizhen Wei, Shaokai Liu, Kai Wang, Chengxian Sun, Shunjia Li, Xiaoguang Liu, Xinming Yin, Sufen Bai, Gemei Liang, Neil Crickmore, Shiheng An. Cyclosporin A acts as a novel insecticide against Cry1Ac-susceptible and -resistant Helicoverpa armigera.
Pesticide biochemistry and physiology.
2022 Nov; 188(?):105283. doi:
10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105283. [PMID: 36464338] - Adeniyi A Adebayo, Leye J Babatola, Christianah B Fasanya, Ganiyu Oboh. Persea americana seed extract restores defective sperm quality and biochemical parameters relevant to reproduction in male wistar rats treated with cyclosporine A.
Journal of food biochemistry.
2022 11; 46(11):e14220. doi:
10.1111/jfbc.14220. [PMID: 35561037] - Chengxian Sun, Shunjia Li, Kai Wang, Hongqiang Feng, Caihong Tian, Xiaoguang Liu, Xiang Li, Xinming Yin, Yanmei Wang, Jizhen Wei, Shiheng An. Cyclosporin A as a Source for a Novel Insecticidal Product for Controlling Spodoptera frugiperda.
Toxins.
2022 Oct; 14(10):. doi:
10.3390/toxins14100721. [PMID: 36287989] - Qi Liu, Huijie Dong, Yuzhu Li, Yingying Shen, Yilei Hong, Ying Chen, Shan Liu, Xiaolian Wu, Wenbin Liu, Huijin Hu, Yuechao Zhao, Shenyun Lin, Yiping Shen, Yuhong Zhou, Baodong Ye, Dijiong Wu. Apolipoprotein-A is a potential prognostic biomarker for severe aplastic anemia patients treated with ATG-based immunosuppressive therapy: a single-center retrospective study.
Lipids in health and disease.
2022 Oct; 21(1):93. doi:
10.1186/s12944-022-01703-0. [PMID: 36192750] - Masatake Sugita, Takuya Fujie, Keisuke Yanagisawa, Masahito Ohue, Yutaka Akiyama. Lipid Composition Is Critical for Accurate Membrane Permeability Prediction of Cyclic Peptides by Molecular Dynamics Simulations.
Journal of chemical information and modeling.
2022 09; 62(18):4549-4560. doi:
10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00931. [PMID: 36053061] - Marilena Bohley, Andrea E Dillinger, Frank Schweda, Andreas Ohlmann, Barbara M Braunger, Ernst R Tamm, Achim Goepferich. A single intravenous injection of cyclosporin A-loaded lipid nanocapsules prevents retinopathy of prematurity.
Science advances.
2022 09; 8(38):eabo6638. doi:
10.1126/sciadv.abo6638. [PMID: 36149956] - Mikhail V Dubinin, Vyacheslav A Sharapov, Anna I Ilzorkina, Sergey V Efimov, Vladimir V Klochkov, Sergey V Gudkov, Konstantin N Belosludtsev. Comparison of structural properties of cyclosporin A and its analogue alisporivir and their effects on mitochondrial bioenergetics and membrane behavior.
Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes.
2022 09; 1864(9):183972. doi:
10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.183972. [PMID: 35643328] - Iraj Yazdani, Raheleh Majdani, Morteza Ghasemnejad-Berenji, Ahmad Reza Dehpour. Beneficial effects of Cyclosporine A in combination with Nortriptyline on germ cell-specific apoptosis, oxidative stress and epididymal sperm qualities following testicular ischemia/reperfusion in rats: a comparative study.
BMC pharmacology & toxicology.
2022 08; 23(1):59. doi:
10.1186/s40360-022-00601-6. [PMID: 35932053] - Yujiro Geka, Yukihiro Hamada, Shohei Fuchinoue, Toshimi Kimura. Evaluation of factors influencing the ratio of the trough blood concentration to dose level of everolimus in Japanese kidney transplant recipients.
Transplant immunology.
2022 Aug; 73(?):101609. doi:
10.1016/j.trim.2022.101609. [PMID: 35500848] - Runping Duan, Lihui Xie, He Li, Rong Wang, Xiuxing Liu, Tianyu Tao, Shizhao Yang, Yuehan Gao, Xianchai Lin, Wenru Su. Insights gained from Single-Cell analysis of immune cells on Cyclosporine A treatment in autoimmune uveitis.
Biochemical pharmacology.
2022 08; 202(?):115116. doi:
10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115116. [PMID: 35671791] - Chuan Wang, Lihua Han, Ting Wang, Yuying Wang, Jiping Liu, Bin Wang, Cang-Bao Xu. Cyclosporin A up-regulated thromboxane A2 receptor through activation of MAPK and NF-κB pathways in rat mesenteric artery.
European journal of pharmacology.
2022 Jul; 926(?):175034. doi:
10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175034. [PMID: 35588871] - Olivier Le Tilly, Philippe Gatault, Christophe Baron, Theodora Bejan-Angoulvant, Matthias Büchler, Gilles Paintaud, David Ternant. Is CD25 blockade optimal in kidney transplant patients treated with basiliximab? A target-mediated drug disposition model.
British journal of clinical pharmacology.
2022 07; 88(7):3500-3505. doi:
10.1111/bcp.15235. [PMID: 35043423] - Rajinder Bhardwaj, Julie L Collins, Joseph Stringfellow, Jennifer Madonia, Matt S Anderson, Jeri-Anne Finley, David A Stock, Vladimir Coric, Robert Croop, Richard Bertz. P-Glycoprotein and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Transporter Inhibition by Cyclosporine and Quinidine on the Pharmacokinetics of Oral Rimegepant in Healthy Subjects.
Clinical pharmacology in drug development.
2022 07; 11(7):889-897. doi:
10.1002/cpdd.1088. [PMID: 35304977] - Edgars Grins, Per Ederoth, Henrik Bjursten, Alain Dardashti, Björn Brondén, Carsten Metzsch, André Erdling, Shahab Nozohoor, Arash Mokhtari, Magnus J Hansson, Eskil Elmér, Lars Algotsson, Nabin Manandhar Shrestha, Stefan Jovinge. Effect of Cyclosporine on Cytokine Production in Elective Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Sub-Analysis of the CiPRICS (Cyclosporine to Protect Renal Function in Cardiac Surgery) Study.
Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia.
2022 07; 36(7):1985-1994. doi:
10.1053/j.jvca.2021.11.026. [PMID: 34969566] - Holly Mansell, Ahmed Shoker, Jane Alcorn, Mark E Fenton, Julian S Tam, William Semchuk, Babar Bashir, Walter K Kraft, Shenzhen Yao, James D Douketis. Pharmacokinetics of apixaban and tacrolimus or cyclosporine in kidney and lung transplant recipients.
Clinical and translational science.
2022 Jul; 15(7):1687-1697. doi:
10.1111/cts.13284. [PMID: 35439353] - Shinya Kawamoto, Toshihiro Abe, Katsuhiro Nagahori, Atsunori Yoshino, Akiko Fujii, Yuko Ono, Yoshihiko Ueda, Tetsuro Takeda. Anti-MDA5 Antibody-positive Dermatomyositis with Rapidly Progressive Interstitial Pneumonia Presenting with Nephrotic Syndrome during Treatment with Corticosteroids and Cyclosporine.
Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan).
2022 Jul; 61(13):2007-2012. doi:
10.2169/internalmedicine.8311-21. [PMID: 34776485] - Eiji Suzuki, Ryoma Oda, Takashi Kanno, Satoru Kimura, Yurie Saito, Hiroyuki Kanbayashi, Shin Matsuda, Kiyoshi Migita. Pure White Cell Aplasia Complicated by Systemic Sclerosis with Accompanying Scleroderma Renal Crisis.
Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan).
2022 Jun; 61(12):1907-1912. doi:
10.2169/internalmedicine.8436-21. [PMID: 34803102] - Tomohiro Hiraoka, Mitsuru Tsuge, Yoichi Kondo. Cyclosporine for the treatment of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with coronary artery aneurysms.
BMJ case reports.
2022 Jun; 15(6):. doi:
10.1136/bcr-2022-250375. [PMID: 35680277] - Emily A Blumberg, Julia Han Noll, Pablo Tebas, Joseph A Fraietta, Ian Frank, Amy Marshall, Anne Chew, Elizabeth A Veloso, Alison Carulli, Walter Rogal, Avery L Gaymon, Aliza H Schmidt, Tiffany Barnette, Renee Jurek, Rene Martins, Briana M Hudson, Kalyan Chavda, Christina M Bailey, Sarah E Church, Hooman Noorchashm, Wei-Ting Hwang, Carl H June, Elizabeth O Hexner. A phase I trial of cyclosporine for hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
JCI insight.
2022 06; 7(11):. doi:
10.1172/jci.insight.155682. [PMID: 35536669] - Tatsuki Mochizuki, Maciej J Zamek-Gliszczynski, Kenta Yoshida, Jialin Mao, Kunal Taskar, Hideki Hirabayashi, Xiaoyan Chu, Yurong Lai, Tadayuki Takashima, Kevin Rockich, Yoshiyuki Yamaura, Kaku Fujiwara, Tadahaya Mizuno, Kazuya Maeda, Kenichi Furihata, Yuichi Sugiyama, Hiroyuki Kusuhara. Effect of Cyclosporin A and Impact of Dose Staggering on OATP1B1/1B3 Endogenous Substrates and Drug Probes for Assessing Clinical Drug Interactions.
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.
2022 06; 111(6):1315-1323. doi:
10.1002/cpt.2584. [PMID: 35292967] - Takeshi Terada, Masahito Kanou, Yousuke Hashimoto, Masahiko Tanimoto, Masaaki Sugimoto. Microfluidic Preparation of Nanoparticles Using Poly(ethylene Glycol)-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine for Solubilizing Poorly Soluble Drugs.
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.
2022 06; 111(6):1709-1718. doi:
10.1016/j.xphs.2021.11.021. [PMID: 34863973] - Jay Erdman, Josephine Wolfram, David Nimke, Richard Croy, Xuegong Wang, Tim Weaver, David Schladt, William E Fitzsimmons. Lung Transplant Outcomes in Adults in the United States: Retrospective Cohort Study Using Real-world Evidence from the SRTR.
Transplantation.
2022 06; 106(6):1233-1242. doi:
10.1097/tp.0000000000004011. [PMID: 34974456] - Yu-Yan Hwang, Thomas S Y Chan, Florence H Y Chan, Chris W P Lau, Yan-Yan Luk, Grace W N Lau, Ka-Po Chan, Kwan-Hung Leung, Bonnie Kho, June S M Lau, Chi-Kuen Lau, Vivien Mak, Sze-Fai Yip, Shek-Ying Lin, Joycelyn P Y Sim, Yok-Lam Kwong. Eltrombopag as frontline treatment of aplastic anaemia in routine practice: implications on cost and efficacy.
Annals of hematology.
2022 Jun; 101(6):1163-1172. doi:
10.1007/s00277-022-04780-4. [PMID: 35412083] - Rong Ren, Jing Han. [Correlation between Serum G-CSF Level and Immune Function in Children with Aplastic Anemia].
Zhongguo shi yan xue ye xue za zhi.
2022 Jun; 30(3):819-823. doi:
10.19746/j.cnki.issn.1009-2137.2022.03.025. [PMID: 35680811] - Ravina Barrett. Calcineurin inhibitors and related medicines: a cohort study examining England's primary care prescription changes during the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2019 to March 2021).
Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
2022 Jun; 30(1):59-66. doi:
10.1007/s40199-021-00431-7. [PMID: 35075618] - Paulina K Wells, Oleh Smutok, Zhong Guo, Kirill Alexandrov, Evgeny Katz. Nanostructured Interface Loaded with Chimeric Enzymes for Fluorimetric Quantification of Cyclosporine A and FK506.
Analytical chemistry.
2022 05; 94(20):7303-7310. doi:
10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00650. [PMID: 35543230] - X R Hu, X Zhao, L Zhang, L P Jing, W R Yang, Y Li, L Ye, K Zhou, J P Li, G X Peng, H H Fan, Y Li, Y Yang, Y Z Xiong, F K Zhang. [Reassessing the six months prognosis of patients with severe or very severe aplastic anemia without hematological responses at three months after immunosuppressive therapy].
Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi.
2022 May; 43(5):393-399. doi:
10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2022.05.008. [PMID: 35680597] - Teun van Gelder, Edgar Lerma, Kory Engelke, Robert B Huizinga. Voclosporin: a novel calcineurin inhibitor for the treatment of lupus nephritis.
Expert review of clinical pharmacology.
2022 May; 15(5):515-529. doi:
10.1080/17512433.2022.2092470. [PMID: 35763288] - Keiko Minami, Makoto Kataoka, Toshihide Takagi, Tomohiro Asai, Naoto Oku, Shinji Yamashita. Liposomal Formulation for Oral Delivery of Cyclosporine A: Usefulness as a Semisolid-Dispersion System.
Pharmaceutical research.
2022 May; 39(5):977-987. doi:
10.1007/s11095-022-03276-0. [PMID: 35501532] - Zhengmei Xia, Cheng Zhang, Chunyu Guo, Bingdong Song, Weirong Hu, Yingying Cui, Yanni Xue, Mizhen Xia, Dexiang Xu, Shichen Zhang, Jun Fang. Nanoformulation of a carbon monoxide releasing molecule protects against cyclosporin A-induced nephrotoxicity and renal fibrosis via the suppression of the NLRP3 inflammasome mediated TGF-β/Smad pathway.
Acta biomaterialia.
2022 05; 144(?):42-53. doi:
10.1016/j.actbio.2022.03.024. [PMID: 35304324] - Saki Izumi, Yoshitane Nozaki, Wooin Lee, Yuichi Sugiyama. Experimental and Modeling Evidence Supporting the Trans-Inhibition Mechanism for Preincubation Time-Dependent, Long-Lasting Inhibition of Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B1 by Cyclosporine A.
Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals.
2022 05; 50(5):541-551. doi:
10.1124/dmd.121.000783. [PMID: 35241487] - Nazarul Jafry, Muhammed Mubarak, Abdul Rauf, Farzana Rasheed, Ejaz Ahmed. Clinical Course and Long-term Outcome of Adults with Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Iranian journal of kidney diseases.
2022 May; 16(3):195-202. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 35714214] - Teun van Gelder, Robert B Huizinga, Laura Lisk, Neil Solomons. Voclosporin: a novel calcineurin inhibitor with no impact on mycophenolic acid levels in patients with SLE.
Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.
2022 04; 37(5):917-922. doi:
10.1093/ndt/gfab022. [PMID: 33527141] - Jing Ruan, Chen Yang, Yali Du, Miao Chen, Bing Han. Plasma lipidome acts as diagnostic marker and predictor for cyclosporin response in patients with aplastic anemia.
Clinical and experimental medicine.
2022 Apr; ?(?):. doi:
10.1007/s10238-022-00826-z. [PMID: 35445952] - Lucie Sauerhering, Irina Kuznetsova, Alexandra Kupke, Lars Meier, Sandro Halwe, Cornelius Rohde, Jörg Schmidt, Rory E Morty, Olga Danov, Armin Braun, István Vadász, Stephan Becker, Susanne Herold. Cyclosporin A Reveals Potent Antiviral Effects in Preclinical Models of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.
American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.
2022 04; 205(8):964-968. doi:
10.1164/rccm.202108-1830le. [PMID: 35167409] - L P Jing, L Zhang, K Zhou, G X Peng, Y Li, H H Fan, L Ye, Y Li, J P Li, L Song, W R Yang, F K Zhang. [Pharmacokinetic study of anti-human T-cell porcine immunoglobulin combined with cyclosporine A immunosuppressive therapy in patients with severe aplastic anemia].
Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi.
2022 Apr; 43(4):300-304. doi:
10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2022.04.006. [PMID: 35680628] - Chenyang Zhao, Zhao Cui, Yimiao Zhang, Fang Wang, Xin Wang, Xuyang Cheng, Liqiang Meng, Gang Liu, Minghui Zhao. Leflunomide therapy for adult patients with steroid-dependent minimal change disease or primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
Chinese medical journal.
2022 04; 135(7):866-868. doi:
10.1097/cm9.0000000000001855. [PMID: 34935693] - Ting Shang, Yue Guo, Xiu-Rong Li, Zhengcan Zhou, Yubo Qi, Khalid Salahdiin, Ru Shen, Shuang He, Mei Wang, Zhe-Xin Shi, Xin Zhao, Jian Yang, Guanwei Fan, Yuefei Wang, Xiumei Gao, Yan Zhu, Yuxin Feng. The combination of four main components in Xuebijing injection improved the preventive effects of Cyclosporin A in acute graft-versus-host disease mice by protecting intestinal microenvironment.
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie.
2022 Apr; 148(?):112675. doi:
10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112675. [PMID: 35183993] - Rangrang Wang, Yang Zhang, Junwei Fan, Zhaowen Wang, Yuan Liu. Risk Factors for New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus After Heart Transplantation: A Nomogram Approach.
Transplantation proceedings.
2022 Apr; 54(3):762-768. doi:
10.1016/j.transproceed.2022.01.030. [PMID: 35256198] - Brittney J Byer, Robert J Hardie, Jonathan F McAnulty. Retroperitoneal fibrosis as a postoperative complication following renal transplantation in cats.
Journal of feline medicine and surgery.
2022 04; 24(4):304-310. doi:
10.1177/1098612x211018976. [PMID: 34018858] - Fabian Echterdiek, Bernd Döhler, Joerg Latus, Vedat Schwenger, Caner Süsal. Influence of Calcineurin Inhibitor Choice on Outcomes in Kidney Transplant Recipients Aged ≥60 Y: A Collaborative Transplant Study Report.
Transplantation.
2022 04; 106(4):e212-e218. doi:
10.1097/tp.0000000000004060. [PMID: 35066544] - Y Chen, Q Zha, F Huang, C Qiao, Y Wang, R Wang, J Y Li, W Y Shen. [The efficacy of eltrombopag plus cyclosporine A in patients with transfusion-dependent non-severe aplastic anemia: a retrospective study from single center].
Zhonghua nei ke za zhi.
2022 Apr; 61(4):409-411. doi:
10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20210412-00276. [PMID: 35340188] - Jiajia Hu, Yandan Tan, Yanting Chen, Shiqi Mo, Brittin Hekking, Jiahui Su, Min Pu, Aihua Lu, Yanhua Du, J David Symons, Tianxin Yang. Role of (pro)renin receptor in cyclosporin A-induced nephropathy.
American journal of physiology. Renal physiology.
2022 04; 322(4):F437-F448. doi:
10.1152/ajprenal.00332.2021. [PMID: 35073210] - Ali Nouri, Keihan Ghatreh-Samani, Hossein Amini-Khoei, Asghar Mohammadi, Esfandiar Heidarian, Mohammad Najafi. Ferulic acid prevents cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity in rats through exerting anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and suppression of NF-κB/TNF-α axis.
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology.
2022 04; 395(4):387-395. doi:
10.1007/s00210-022-02212-8. [PMID: 35092471] - Orwa Albitar, Sabariah Noor Harun, Rama Ballouze, Dzul Azri Mohamed Noor, Siti Maisharah Sheikh Ghadzi. Time-Dissociated Pharmacokinetic Pharmacodynamic Model of Cyclosporine Among Malaysian Renal Transplant Recipients.
Therapeutic drug monitoring.
2022 04; 44(2):282-289. doi:
10.1097/ftd.0000000000000916. [PMID: 34334682] - Maria Forstner, Sean Lin, Xiaohua Yang, Susanna Kinting, Ina Rothenaigner, Kenji Schorpp, Yang Li, Kamyar Hadian, Matthias Griese. High-Content Screening Identifies Cyclosporin A as a Novel ABCA3-Specific Molecular Corrector.
American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology.
2022 04; 66(4):382-390. doi:
10.1165/rcmb.2021-0223oc. [PMID: 34936540] - Sabarinath Shanmugham, Narayan Prasad, Anupama Kaul, Dharmendra Bhadauria, Manas Patel, Monika Yaccha, Ravi Kushwaha, Manas Behera, Vinita Agrawal, Aneesh Srivastava. Evanescing renal allograft cortical necrosis from living donor renal transplantation: A lesson learned over two decades.
Transplant immunology.
2022 04; 71(?):101558. doi:
10.1016/j.trim.2022.101558. [PMID: 35217167] - Zhong-Jian Wang, Hong-Bo Chen, Fen Zhou, Hui Yu, Xiao-Yan Wu, Ya-Qing Shen, Yi-Ning Qiu, Run-Ming Jin. A New Immunosuppressive Therapy for Very Severe Aplastic Anemia in Children with Autoantibodies.
Current medical science.
2022 Apr; 42(2):379-386. doi:
10.1007/s11596-022-2519-2. [PMID: 35258748] - Tatsuya Nishimura, Osamu Uemura, Satoshi Hibino, Kazuki Tanaka, Ryoichi Kitagata, Sotaro Yuzawa, Toshiki Kasagi, Naoya Fujita. Serum albumin level is associated with mycophenolic acid concentration in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.
European journal of pediatrics.
2022 Mar; 181(3):1159-1165. doi:
10.1007/s00431-021-04294-7. [PMID: 34779909] - Ayman M Nagib, Osama A Gheith, Mohamed A Zahab, Mohamed A Balaha, Nabil A Elserwey, Islam Sobhy, Prasad Nair, Torki Al-Otaibi. Pure Red Cell Aplasia in a Renal Transplant Recipient: Case Report and Review of the Literature.
Experimental and clinical transplantation : official journal of the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation.
2022 03; 20(Suppl 1):136-139. doi:
10.6002/ect.mesot2021.p66. [PMID: 35384824] - Fariba Ghalamkarpour, Mohammad Reza Pourani, Fahimeh Abdollahimajd, Omid Zargari. A case of severe psoriatic erythroderma with COVID-19.
The Journal of dermatological treatment.
2022 Mar; 33(2):1111-1113. doi:
10.1080/09546634.2020.1799918. [PMID: 32691645] - Olena Mandrik, James Fotheringham, Shijie Ren, Jeffrey A Tice, Richard H Chapman, Matthew D Stevenson, Steven D Pearson, Serina Herron-Smith, Foluso Agboola, Praveen Thokala. The Cost-Effectiveness of Belimumab and Voclosporin for Patients with Lupus Nephritis in the United States.
Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN.
2022 03; 17(3):385-394. doi:
10.2215/cjn.13030921. [PMID: 35115304] - Duygu Elif Yilmaz, Karin Kirschner, Hasan Demirci, Nina Himmerkus, Sebastian Bachmann, Kerim Mutig. Immunosuppressive calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A induces proapoptotic endoplasmic reticulum stress in renal tubular cells.
The Journal of biological chemistry.
2022 03; 298(3):101589. doi:
10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101589. [PMID: 35033536] - Elisabeth M Hodson, Aditi Sinha, Tess E Cooper. Interventions for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in adults.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.
2022 02; 2(?):CD003233. doi:
10.1002/14651858.cd003233.pub3. [PMID: 35224732] - Claudio Fenizia, Silvia Galbiati, Claudia Vanetti, Riccardo Vago, Mario Clerici, Carlo Tacchetti, Tiziana Daniele. Cyclosporine A Inhibits Viral Infection and Release as Well as Cytokine Production in Lung Cells by Three SARS-CoV-2 Variants.
Microbiology spectrum.
2022 02; 10(1):e0150421. doi:
10.1128/spectrum.01504-21. [PMID: 34985303] - Nevertyty M Mahmoud, Shimaa M Elshazly, Samar Rezq. Geraniol protects against cyclosporine A-induced renal injury in rats: Role of Wnt/β-catenin and PPARγ signaling pathways.
Life sciences.
2022 Feb; 291(?):120259. doi:
10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120259. [PMID: 34968469] - Paulo Paixão, Rita Bento Guerreiro, Nuno Silva, Kevin Blake, Milton Bonelli, Jose Augusto Guimarães Morais, Alfredo Garcia Arieta, Luis Filipe Gouveia. A Proposed Approach for the Determination of the Bioequivalence Acceptance Range for Narrow Therapeutic Index Drugs in the European Union.
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.
2022 02; 111(2):470-476. doi:
10.1002/cpt.2451. [PMID: 34657284] - Susumu Yamazaki, Erika Naito, Ryu Sekiya, Sanehiro Yogi, Kenichiro Komiyama, Yoshitaka Miyakawa, Makoto Nagata. Pure red cell aplasia accompanied by COVID-19 successfully treated using cyclosporine.
Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy.
2022 Feb; 28(2):304-307. doi:
10.1016/j.jiac.2021.10.018. [PMID: 34772624] - Jian-Fei Shi, Dan-Li Jiao, Chen Zhao, Li Qi, Wei-Jiang Li. [Establishment of a Mouse Model of Acquired Aplastic Anemia Mediated by Cyclophosphamide Combined with Cyclosporine].
Zhongguo shi yan xue ye xue za zhi.
2022 Feb; 30(1):222-226. doi:
10.19746/j.cnki.issn.1009-2137.2022.01.037. [PMID: 35123631] - Yanru Zhao, Yang Li, Dachuan Fan, Jinxiao Hou, Yunpeng Bai, Chenguang Dai, Xue Cao, Hai Qi, Bingchen Liu. Potential role of circular RNA in cyclosporin A-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.
Journal of applied toxicology : JAT.
2022 02; 42(2):216-229. doi:
10.1002/jat.4203. [PMID: 34036610] - Armagan Caner, Muge Gulcihan Onal, Nazmiye Bitgen, Gulay Sezer. The Effect of Cyclosporine A on Proteins Controlling Intracellular Calcium Concentration in Breast Cancer Cells.
The Journal of membrane biology.
2022 02; 255(1):33-39. doi:
10.1007/s00232-021-00201-1. [PMID: 34580765] - Zhong Guo, Oleh Smutok, Wayne A Johnston, Cagla Ergun Ayva, Patricia Walden, Brett McWhinney, Jacobus P J Ungerer, Artem Melman, Evgeny Katz, Kirill Alexandrov. Circular Permutated PQQ-Glucose Dehydrogenase as an Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Biosensor.
Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English).
2022 02; 61(6):e202109005. doi:
10.1002/anie.202109005. [PMID: 34633119] - Se Hoon Lee, Jeesuk Yu, Sang Hyun Cho. Effect of a combination of Korean red ginseng extract and probiotics on the prevention of atopic dermatitis in a murine model.
Journal of ethnopharmacology.
2022 Jan; 283(?):114687. doi:
10.1016/j.jep.2021.114687. [PMID: 34600077] - Ryan J Nagao, Raluca Marcu, Yu Jung Shin, Daniel Lih, Jun Xue, Nadia Arang, Ling Wei, Shreeram Akilesh, Alexis Kaushansky, Jonathan Himmelfarb, Ying Zheng. Cyclosporine Induces Fenestra-Associated Injury in Human Renal Microvessels In Vitro.
ACS biomaterials science & engineering.
2022 01; 8(1):196-207. doi:
10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00986. [PMID: 34927415] - Régis Peffault de Latour, Austin Kulasekararaj, Simona Iacobelli, Sofie R Terwel, Riley Cook, Morag Griffin, Constantijn J M Halkes, Christian Recher, Fiorenza Barraco, Edouard Forcade, Juan-Carlos Vallejo, Beatrice Drexler, Jean-Baptiste Mear, Alexander E Smith, Emanuele Angelucci, Reinier A P Raymakers, Marco R de Groot, Etienne Daguindau, Erfan Nur, Wilma Barcellini, Nigel H Russell, Louis Terriou, Anna-Paola Iori, Ursula La Rocca, Anna Sureda, Isabel Sánchez-Ortega, Blanca Xicoy, Isidro Jarque, James Cavenagh, Flore Sicre de Fontbrune, Serena Marotta, Talha Munir, Jennifer M L Tjon, Suzanne Tavitian, Aline Praire, Laurence Clement, Florence Rabian, Luana Marano, Anita Hill, Elena Palmisani, Petra Muus, Fabiana Cacace, Camilla Frieri, Maria-Teresa van Lint, Jakob R Passweg, Judith C W Marsh, Gérard Socié, Ghulam J Mufti, Carlo Dufour, Antonio M Risitano. Eltrombopag Added to Immunosuppression in Severe Aplastic Anemia.
The New England journal of medicine.
2022 01; 386(1):11-23. doi:
10.1056/nejmoa2109965. [PMID: 34986284] - Yuya Matsuda, Shunsaku Nakagawa, Ikuko Yano, Satohiro Masuda, Satoshi Imai, Atsushi Yonezawa, Takashi Yamamoto, Mitsuhiro Sugimoto, Masahiro Tsuda, Tetsunori Tsuzuki, Tomohiro Omura, Takayuki Nakagawa, Toyofumi Fengshi Chen-Yoshikawa, Miki Nagao, Hiroshi Date, Kazuo Matsubara. Effect of Itraconazole and Its Metabolite Hydroxyitraconazole on the Blood Concentrations of Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus in Lung Transplant Recipients.
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin.
2022; 45(4):397-402. doi:
10.1248/bpb.b21-00738. [PMID: 35370263] - Chunxai Tang, Wei Wang, Yuxi Xue, Junwei Yang. Effect of MMF Immunosuppression Based on CNI Reduction on CNI-Related Renal Damage after Lung Transplantation.
Journal of healthcare engineering.
2022; 2022(?):8099684. doi:
10.1155/2022/8099684. [PMID: 35126949]