Medetomidine HCl (BioDeep_00000399122)
natural product
代谢物信息卡片
Medetomidine hydrochloride,4-[1-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazolehydrochloride
化学式: C13H17ClN2 (236.1080192)
中文名称: 盐酸美托咪啶
谱图信息:
最多检出来源 () 0%
分子结构信息
SMILES: C1(=C(C(C)=CC=C1)C)C(C2N=CNC=2)C.Cl
InChI: 1H
描述信息
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics
Medetomidine hydrochloride is an orally active α2-adrenoceptor agonist (Ki: 1.08 nM). Medetomidine hydrochloride has sedative and analgesic effects. Medetomidine hydrochloride can cause peripheral vasoconstriction through the activation of α2 adrenoceptors on blood vessels[1][2][3][4].
同义名列表
数据库引用编号
11 个数据库交叉引用编号
- ChEBI: CHEBI:48556
- KEGGdrug: D04883
- PubChem: 68601
- ChEMBL: CHEMBL537161
- MeSH: Medetomidine
- CAS: 1246820-20-1
- CAS: 106807-72-1
- CAS: 86347-15-1
- CAS: 86347-15-1, 86347-14-0 (free base)
- MoNA: CCMSLIB00000078566
- medchemexpress: HY-17034B
分类词条
相关代谢途径
Reactome(0)
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代谢反应
0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。
Reactome(0)
BioCyc(0)
WikiPathways(0)
Plant Reactome(0)
INOH(0)
PlantCyc(0)
COVID-19 Disease Map(0)
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PharmGKB(0)
0 个相关的物种来源信息
在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：
- PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
- NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
- Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
- Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。
点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。
文献列表
- Shylo R Johnson, Christine K Ellis, Chad K Wickham, Molly R Selleck, Amy T Gilbert. Comparison of Ketamine-Xylazine, Butorphanol-Azaperone-Medetomidine, and Nalbuphine-Medetomidine-Azaperone for Raccoon (Procyon Lotor) Immobilization.
Journal of wildlife diseases.
2023 Nov; ?(?):. doi:
10.7589/jwd-d-23-00060. [PMID: 37924235] - Olivier Louis Levionnois, Andrea Barbarossa, Anisa Bardhi, Joelle Siegenthaler, Tekla Forss Pleyers, Monia Guidi, Claudia Spadavecchia, Mathieu Raillard. Enantiospecific pharmacokinetics of intravenous dexmedetomidine in beagles.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics.
2022 Jul; 45(4):366-372. doi:
10.1111/jvp.13063. [PMID: 35484944] - Mizuho Tashiro, Atsushi Tohei. Recommended doses of medetomidine-midazolam-butorphanol with atipamezole for preventing hypothermia in mice.
The Journal of veterinary medical science.
2022 Mar; 84(3):445-453. doi:
10.1292/jvms.21-0479. [PMID: 35135936] - Seyed Morteza Aghamiri, Amir Saeed Samimi, Mehdi Hajian, Amir Masoud Samimi, Amin Oroumieh. Effect of xylazine, detomidine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine during laparoscopic SCNT embryo transfer on pregnancy rate and some physiological variables in goats.
BMC veterinary research.
2022 Mar; 18(1):98. doi:
10.1186/s12917-022-03194-8. [PMID: 35292035] - Anisa Bardhi, Anna Zaghini, Olivier Levionnois, Andrea Barbarossa. A quick approach for medetomidine enantiomer determination in dog plasma by chiral liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and application to a pharmacokinetic study.
Drug testing and analysis.
2021 Jul; 13(7):1249-1255. doi:
10.1002/dta.3015. [PMID: 33569906] - Evan S Emmel, Samuel Rivera, Freddy Cabrera, Stephen Blake, Sharon L Deem. FIELD ANESTHESIA AND GONADAL MORPHOLOGY OF IMMATURE WESTERN SANTA CRUZ TORTOISES (CHELONOIDIS PORTERI).
Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians.
2021 Jan; 51(4):848-855. doi:
10.1638/2019-0240. [PMID: 33480565] - Lisa L Wolfe, Travis Mays, Mark C Fisher, Michael W Miller. Tissue Residue Levels of the Tranquilizer Combination of Butorphanol, Azaperone, and Medetomidine, and the Antagonists, Naltrexone, Atipamezole, and Tolazoline, in Black Bears (Ursus americanus) Postimmobilization.
Journal of wildlife diseases.
2020 10; 56(4):933-936. doi:
10.7589/jwd-d-19-00012. [PMID: 32348204] - Antonio Henrique Kuczmarski, Marisol Alves de Barros, Luiz Felipe Souza de Lima, Tathiana Ferguson Motheo, Heitor José Bento, Gabriella Accardi Iglesias, Dábila Araújo Sônego, Regina Celia Rodrigues da Paz. Urethral catheterization after pharmacological induction for semen collection in dog.
Theriogenology.
2020 Sep; 153(?):34-38. doi:
10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.035. [PMID: 32417609] - Vilhelmiina Huuskonen, Flavia Restitutti, Juhana M Honkavaara, Marja R Raekallio, Sofia Männikkö, Mika Scheinin, Outi M Vainio. Investigation of the effects of vatinoxan on somatic and visceral antinociceptive efficacy of medetomidine in dogs.
American journal of veterinary research.
2020 Apr; 81(4):299-308. doi:
10.2460/ajvr.81.4.299. [PMID: 32228259] - Noemi Romagnoli, Rima N Bektas, Annette P N Kutter, Andrea Barbarossa, Paola Roncada, Sonja Hartnack, Regula Bettschart-Wolfensberger. Pharmacokinetics of S-ketamine and R-ketamine and their active metabolites after racemic ketamine or S-ketamine intravenous administration in dogs sedated with medetomidine.
Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia.
2020 Mar; 47(2):168-176. doi:
10.1016/j.vaa.2019.08.048. [PMID: 31973916] - Abdul Khader Karakka Kal, Jahfar Nalakath, Tajudheen Kunhamu Karatt, Zubair Perwad, Binoy Mathew, Michael Subhahar. Development and validation of a chiral LC-MS method for the enantiomeric resolution of (+) and (-)-medetomidine in equine plasma by using polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases.
Chirality.
2020 03; 32(3):314-323. doi:
10.1002/chir.23166. [PMID: 31925851] - Juhana M Honkavaara, Marja R Raekallio, Pernilla M Syrja, Bruno H Pypendop, Heather K Knych, Ira J Kallio-Kujala, Outi M Vainio. Concentrations of medetomidine enantiomers and vatinoxan, an α2-adrenoceptor antagonist, in plasma and central nervous tissue after intravenous coadministration in dogs.
Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia.
2020 Jan; 47(1):47-52. doi:
10.1016/j.vaa.2019.07.004. [PMID: 31761600] - Heta Turunen, Marja R Raekallio, Juhana M Honkavaara, Flavia Restitutti, Ira J Kallio-Kujala, Magdy Adam, Katri Nevanperä, Mika Scheinin, Sofia K Männikkö, Heidi J Hautajärvi, Paula Larenza Menzies, Outi M Vainio. Cardiovascular and sedation reversal effects of intramuscular administration of atipamezole in dogs treated with medetomidine hydrochloride with or without the peripheral α2-adrenoceptor antagonist vatinoxan hydrochloride.
American journal of veterinary research.
2019 Oct; 80(10):912-922. doi:
10.2460/ajvr.80.10.912. [PMID: 31556714] - H A Tapio, M R Raekallio, A K Mykkänen, D Al-Ramahi, M Scheinin, H J Hautajärvi, S Männikkö, O Vainio. Effects of vatinoxan on cardiorespiratory function, fecal output and plasma drug concentrations in horses anesthetized with isoflurane and infusion of medetomidine.
Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997).
2019 Sep; 251(?):105345. doi:
10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.105345. [PMID: 31492389] - H Rossi, M Raekallio, M Määttä, H Tapio, M Hanifeh, J Junnila, M M Rajamäki, A Mykkänen. Effects of general anaesthesia in dorsal recumbency with and without vatinoxan on bronchoalveolar lavage cytology of healthy horses.
Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997).
2019 Sep; 251(?):105352. doi:
10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.105352. [PMID: 31492391] - H Tapio, M R Raekallio, A Mykkänen, S Männikkö, M Scheinin, R C Bennett, O Vainio. Effects of vatinoxan on cardiorespiratory function and gastrointestinal motility during constant-rate medetomidine infusion in standing horses.
Equine veterinary journal.
2019 Sep; 51(5):646-652. doi:
10.1111/evj.13085. [PMID: 30793362] - Ai Wakuno, Motoki Aoki, Asuka Kushiro, Naomi Mae, Tatsuya Maeda, Yosuke Yamazaki, Yohei Minamijima, Shun-Ichi Nagata, Minoru Ohta. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous alfaxalone in young Thoroughbred horses premedicated with medetomidine and midazolam.
The Veterinary record.
2019 03; 184(13):411. doi:
10.1136/vr.105070. [PMID: 30926700] - Hirotaka Tokushige, Atsushi Okano, Daisuke Arima, Hideki Ito, Yoshinori Kambayashi, Yohei Minamijima, Minoru Ohta. Clinical effects of constant rate infusions of medetomidine-propofol combined with sevoflurane anesthesia in Thoroughbred racehorses undergoing arthroscopic surgery.
Acta veterinaria Scandinavica.
2018 Nov; 60(1):71. doi:
10.1186/s13028-018-0426-0. [PMID: 30396363] - Maja Vasiljević, Vanja Krstić, Sanja Stanković, Petra Zrimšek, Alenka Nemec Svete, Alenka Seliškar. Cardiac troponin I in dogs anaesthetized with propofol and sevoflurane: the influence of medetomidine premedication and inspired oxygen fraction.
Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia.
2018 Nov; 45(6):745-753. doi:
10.1016/j.vaa.2018.07.003. [PMID: 30309716] - M Abass, S Picek, J F G Garzón, C Kühnle, A Zaghlou, R Bettschart-Wolfensberger. Local mepivacaine before castration of horses under medetomidine isoflurane balanced anaesthesia is effective to reduce perioperative nociception and cytokine release.
Equine veterinary journal.
2018 Nov; 50(6):733-738. doi:
10.1111/evj.12947. [PMID: 29660154] - Magdy Adam, Marja R Raekallio, Outi M Vainio. Sedative effect of intramuscular medetomidine with and without vatinoxan (MK-467), and its reversal with atipamezole in sheep.
Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia.
2018 Nov; 45(6):788-793. doi:
10.1016/j.vaa.2018.06.009. [PMID: 30301665] - I J Kallio-Kujala, H A Turunen, M R Raekallio, J M Honkavaara, K M Salla, D Casoni, H J Hautajärvi, O M Vainio. Peripherally acting α-adrenoceptor antagonist MK-467 with intramuscular medetomidine and butorphanol in dogs: A prospective, randomised, clinical trial.
Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997).
2018 Oct; 240(?):22-26. doi:
10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.08.007. [PMID: 30268328] - Hirotaka Tokushige, Asuka Kushiro, Atsushi Okano, Tatsuya Maeda, Hideki Ito, Ai Wakuno, Shun-Ichi Nagata, Minoru Ohta. Clinical evaluation of constant rate infusion of alfaxalone-medetomidine combined with sevoflurane anesthesia in Thoroughbred racehorses undergoing arthroscopic surgery.
Acta veterinaria Scandinavica.
2018 Sep; 60(1):50. doi:
10.1186/s13028-018-0406-4. [PMID: 30180855] - Magdy Adam, Marja R Raekallio, Kati M Salla, Juhana M Honkavaara, Sofia Männikkö, Mika Scheinin, Marena Kajula, Sari H Mölsä, Outi M Vainio. Effects of the peripherally acting α2-adrenoceptor antagonist MK-467 on cardiopulmonary function in sheep sedated by intramuscular administration of medetomidine and ketamine and reversed by intramuscular administration of atipamezole.
American journal of veterinary research.
2018 Sep; 79(9):921-932. doi:
10.2460/ajvr.79.9.921. [PMID: 30153057] - Ira J Kallio-Kujala, Marja R Raekallio, Juhana Honkavaara, Rachel C Bennett, Heta Turunen, Mika Scheinin, Heidi Hautajärvi, Outi Vainio. Peripheral α2-adrenoceptor antagonism affects the absorption of intramuscularly coadministered drugs.
Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia.
2018 Jul; 45(4):405-413. doi:
10.1016/j.vaa.2018.01.008. [PMID: 29891212] - M Adam, M R Raekallio, T Keskitalo, J M Honkavaara, M Scheinin, M Kajula, S Mölsä, O M Vainio. The impact of MK-467 on plasma drug concentrations, sedation and cardiopulmonary changes in sheep treated with intramuscular medetomidine and atipamezole for reversal.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics.
2018 Jun; 41(3):447-456. doi:
10.1111/jvp.12486. [PMID: 29352473] - Lisa L Wolfe, Pauline Nol, Matthew P McCollum, Travis Mays, Morgan E Wehtje, William R Lance, Mark C Fisher, Michael W Miller. Tissue Residue Levels after Immobilization of Rocky Mountain Elk ( Cervus elaphus nelsoni) using a Combination of Nalbuphine, Medetomidine, and Azaperone Antagonized with Naltrexone, Atipamezole, and Tolazoline.
Journal of wildlife diseases.
2018 04; 54(2):362-365. doi:
10.7589/2017-06-132. [PMID: 29148888] - Kati M Salla, Cosmin I Tuns, Rachel C Bennett, Marja R Raekallio, Mika Scheinin, Erja Kuusela, Outi M Vainio. Cardiovascular effects of premedication with medetomidine alone and in combination with MK-467 or glycopyrrolate in dogs subsequently anesthetized with isoflurane.
American journal of veterinary research.
2017 Nov; 78(11):1245-1254. doi:
10.2460/ajvr.78.11.1245. [PMID: 29076369] - Rachel C Bennett, Kati M Salla, Marja R Raekallio, Mika Scheinin, Outi M Vainio. Effects of the α2-adrenoceptor agonist medetomidine on the distribution and clearance of alfaxalone during coadministration by constant rate infusion in dogs.
American journal of veterinary research.
2017 Aug; 78(8):956-964. doi:
10.2460/ajvr.78.8.956. [PMID: 28738010] - Teppei Nakamura, Naoya Karakida, Ai Dantsuka, Osamu Ichii, Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa, Yasuhiro Kon, Ken-Ichi Nagasaki, Hideki Hattori, Tomoji Yoshiyasu. Effects of a mixture of medetomidine, midazolam and butorphanol on anesthesia and blood biochemistry and the antagonizing action of atipamezole in hamsters.
The Journal of veterinary medical science.
2017 Jul; 79(7):1230-1235. doi:
10.1292/jvms.17-0210. [PMID: 28603217] - Julia Stagegaard, Arne Hørlyck, Helle B Hydeskov, Mads F Bertelsen. KETAMINE-MEDETOMIDINE AND KETAMINE-MEDETOMIDINE-MIDAZOLAM ANESTHESIA IN CAPTIVE CHEETAHS (ACINONYX JUBATUS)-COMPARISON OF BLOOD PRESSURE AND KIDNEY BLOOD FLOW.
Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians.
2017 Jun; 48(2):363-370. doi:
10.1638/2016-0128r.1. [PMID: 28749272] - Flavia Restitutti, M Johanna Kaartinen, Marja R Raekallio, Otto Wejberg, Emmi Mikkola, Jerome R E Del Castillo, Mika Scheinin, Outi M Vainio. Plasma concentration and cardiovascular effects of intramuscular medetomidine combined with three doses of the peripheral alpha2-antagonist MK-467 in dogs.
Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia.
2017 May; 44(3):417-426. doi:
10.1016/j.vaa.2016.04.006. [PMID: 28552594] - Lisa L Wolfe, Mary E Wood, Pauline Nol, Matthew P McCollum, Mark C Fisher, William R Lance. THE EFFICACY OF NALBUPHINE, MEDETOMIDINE, AND AZAPERONE IN IMMOBILIZING AMERICAN BISON (BISON BISON).
Journal of wildlife diseases.
2017 04; 53(2):304-310. doi:
10.7589/2016-05-107. [PMID: 28051569] - Christina A Gerlach, Maya S Kummrow, Leith C Meyer, Gareth E Zeiler, George F Stegmann, Roxanne K Buck, Geoffrey T Fosgate, Sabine B Kästner. CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSION ANESTHESIA WITH MEDETOMIDINE, KETAMINE, AND MIDAZOLAM AFTER INDUCTION WITH A COMBINATION OF ETORPHINE, MEDETOMIDINE, AND MIDAZOLAM OR WITH MEDETOMIDINE, KETAMINE, AND BUTORPHANOL IN IMPALA (AEPYCEROS MELAMPUS).
Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians.
2017 Mar; 48(1):62-71. doi:
10.1638/2016-0010.1. [PMID: 28363076] - M Paula Larenza Menzies, Simone K Ringer, Aude Conrot, Regula Theurillat, Katharina Kluge, Annette Pn Kutter, Michelle Jackson, Wolfgang Thormann, Regula Bettschart-Wolfensberger. Cardiopulmonary effects and anaesthesia recovery quality in horses anaesthetized with isoflurane and low-dose S-ketamine or medetomidine infusions.
Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia.
2016 Nov; 43(6):623-634. doi:
10.1111/vaa.12359. [PMID: 26915545] - Friederike A Sandbaumhüter, Regula Theurillat, Rima N Bektas, Annette P N Kutter, Regula Bettschart-Wolfensberger, Wolfgang Thormann. Pharmacokinetics of ketamine and three metabolites in Beagle dogs under sevoflurane vs. medetomidine comedication assessed by enantioselective capillary electrophoresis.
Journal of chromatography. A.
2016 Oct; 1467(?):436-444. doi:
10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.060. [PMID: 27485149] - R C Bennett, J Hokkanen, M R Raekallio, O M Vainio. The impact of medetomidine on the protein-binding characteristics of MK-467 in canine plasma.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics.
2016 Aug; 39(4):405-7. doi:
10.1111/jvp.12291. [PMID: 26763140] - R C Bennett, K M Salla, M R Raekallio, L Hänninen, V M Rinne, M Scheinin, O M Vainio. Effects of MK-467 on the antinociceptive and sedative actions and pharmacokinetics of medetomidine in dogs.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics.
2016 Aug; 39(4):336-43. doi:
10.1111/jvp.12292. [PMID: 26763145] - Muhammad Tariq, Amir Bukhsh Kalhoro, Mian Saeed Sarwar, Hamayun Khan, Shakoor Ahmad, Sayed Mubashir Hassan, Arshad Zahoor. Effects of medetomidine on serum glucose in cattle calves.
Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences.
2016 May; 29(3):941-4. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 27166537] - Yasuhiro Tsubokura, Toshio Kobayashi, Yutaka Oshima, Naoki Hashizume, Makoto Nakai, Shozo Ajimi, Nobuya Imatanaka. Effects of pentobarbital, isoflurane, or medetomidine-midazolam-butorphanol anesthesia on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood chemistry in rats.
The Journal of toxicological sciences.
2016; 41(5):595-604. doi:
10.2131/jts.41.595. [PMID: 27665769] - Suvi T Ruohonen, Ville Ranta-Panula, Sanna Bastman, Paulina Chrusciel, Mika Scheinin, Tomi Streng. Potentiation of Glibenclamide Hypoglycaemia in Mice by MK-467, a Peripherally Acting Alpha2-Adrenoceptor Antagonist.
Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology.
2015 Dec; 117(6):392-8. doi:
10.1111/bcpt.12440. [PMID: 26132275] - Timothy H Hyndman, Gabrielle C Musk, Fraser R Murdoch, Garth L Maker, Ted Whittem. The bioavailability of medetomidine in eight sheep following oesophageal administration.
Research in veterinary science.
2015 Dec; 103(?):137-42. doi:
10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.09.014. [PMID: 26679808] - Butch KuKanich, Kate KuKanich. Chloramphenicol significantly affects the pharmacokinetics of oral methadone in Greyhound dogs.
Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia.
2015 Nov; 42(6):597-607. doi:
10.1111/vaa.12257. [PMID: 25733012] - Naotami Ueoka, Yoshiaki Hikasa. Effects in cats of atipamezole, flumazenil and 4-aminopyridine on stress-related neurohormonal and metabolic responses induced by medetomidine, midazolam and ketamine.
Journal of feline medicine and surgery.
2015 Aug; 17(8):711-8. doi:
10.1177/1098612x14556557. [PMID: 25366173] - Judilee C Marrow, Margarita Woc-Colburn, Lee-Ann C Hayek, Laurie Marker, Suzan Murray. COMPARISON OF TWO α2-ADRENERGIC AGONISTS ON URINE CONTAMINATION OF SEMEN COLLECTED BY ELECTROEJACULATION IN CAPTIVE AND SEMI-FREE-RANGING CHEETAH (ACINONYX JUBATUS).
Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians.
2015 Jun; 46(2):417-20. doi:
10.1638/2014-0211r2.1. [PMID: 26056908] - Mohammed Ahmed Umar, Sho Fukui, Kodai Kawase, Takaharu Itami, Kazuto Yamashita. Cardiovascular effects of total intravenous anesthesia using ketamine-medetomidine-propofol (KMP-TIVA) in horses undergoing surgery.
The Journal of veterinary medical science.
2015 Mar; 77(3):281-8. doi:
10.1292/jvms.14-0370. [PMID: 25409552] - Johanna Kaartinen, Jérôme R E del Castillo, Kati Salla, Eric Troncy, Marja R Raekallio, Outi M Vainio. Haemodynamic interactions of medetomidine and the peripheral alpha-2 antagonist MK-467 during step infusions in isoflurane-anaesthetised dogs.
Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997).
2014 Nov; 202(2):353-60. doi:
10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.08.019. [PMID: 25201249] - C Busettini, M A Frölich. Effects of mild to moderate sedation on saccadic eye movements.
Behavioural brain research.
2014 Oct; 272(?):286-302. doi:
10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.012. [PMID: 25026096] - Andrea Schwarz, Karin Kalchofner, Julia Palm, Stephanie Picek, Sonja Hartnack, Regula Bettschart-Wolfensberger. Minimum infusion rate of alfaxalone for total intravenous anaesthesia after sedation with acepromazine or medetomidine in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy.
Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia.
2014 Sep; 41(5):480-90. doi:
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The Journal of veterinary medical science.
2014 Jun; 76(6):917-21. doi:
10.1292/jvms.13-0589. [PMID: 24584083] - Patricia Hedenqvist, Anna Edner, Marianne Jensen-Waern. Anaesthesia in medetomidine premedicated New Zealand White rabbits: a comparison between intravenous sufentanil-midazolam and isoflurane anaesthesia for orthopaedic surgery.
Laboratory animals.
2014 Apr; 48(2):155-63. doi:
10.1177/0023677213516311. [PMID: 24464922] - Yusuke Murahata, Asami Yamamoto, Yuya Miki, Yoshiaki Hikasa. Antagonistic effects of atipamezole, yohimbine and prazosin on medetomidine-induced diuresis in healthy cats.
The Journal of veterinary medical science.
2014 Mar; 76(2):173-82. doi:
10.1292/jvms.13-0398. [PMID: 24107430] - Alessandro Gozzi, Stefano Lepore, Elena Vicentini, Emilio Merlo-Pich, Angelo Bifone. Differential effect of orexin-1 and CRF-1 antagonism on stress circuits: a fMRI study in the rat with the pharmacological stressor Yohimbine.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology.
2013 Oct; 38(11):2120-30. doi:
10.1038/npp.2013.109. [PMID: 23736277] - Alonso G P Guedes, Elaine P Rude. Effects of pre-operative administration of medetomidine on plasma insulin and glucose concentrations in healthy dogs and dogs with insulinoma.
Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia.
2013 Sep; 40(5):472-81. doi:
10.1111/vaa.12047. [PMID: 23714015] - Alonso G P Guedes, Elaine P Rude, Mathur S Kannan. Potential role of the CD38/cADPR signaling pathway as an underlying mechanism of the effects of medetomidine on insulin and glucose homeostasis.
Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia.
2013 Sep; 40(5):512-6. doi:
10.1111/vaa.12039. [PMID: 23565906] - Kimberly L Rainwater, Marc T Valitutto, Penny Kalk, Robert P Moore, John M Sykes. Comparison of two injectable immobilization combinations in Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus): medetomidine, ketamine, and atipamezole versus carfentanil, xylazine, naltrexone, and atipamezole.
Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians.
2013 Sep; 44(3):596-604. doi:
10.1638/2012-0140r1.1. [PMID: 24063087] - José Angel Barasona, Jorge Ramón López-Olvera, Beatriz Beltrán-Beck, Christian Gortázar, Joaquín Vicente. Trap-effectiveness and response to tiletamine-zolazepam and medetomidine anaesthesia in Eurasian wild boar captured with cage and corral traps.
BMC veterinary research.
2013 May; 9(?):107. doi:
10.1186/1746-6148-9-107. [PMID: 23702232] - Tokiko Kushiro-Banker, Robert D Keegan, Michelle A Decourcey, Tamara L Grubb, Stephen A Greene, Robert Armstrong. Effects of tepoxalin and medetomidine on glomerular filtration rate in dogs.
The Journal of veterinary medical science.
2013 Jan; 75(1):69-74. doi:
10.1292/jvms.12-0062. [PMID: 22986275] - Maki Ishibashi, Hideo Akiyoshi, Toshie Iseri, Fumihito Ohashi. Skin conductance reflects drug-induced changes in blood levels of cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline in dogs.
The Journal of veterinary medical science.
2013; 75(6):809-13. doi:
10.1292/jvms.12-0478. [PMID: 23358494] - F R Murdoch, G L Maker, I Nitsos, G R Polglase, G C Musk. Intraperitoneal medetomidine: a novel analgesic strategy for postoperative pain management in pregnant sheep.
Laboratory animals.
2013 Jan; 47(1):66-70. doi:
10.1177/0023677212473712. [PMID: 23467491] - Yusuke Murahata, Yoshiaki Hikasa. Comparison of the diuretic effects of medetomidine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride in healthy cats.
American journal of veterinary research.
2012 Dec; 73(12):1871-80. doi:
10.2460/ajvr.73.12.1871. [PMID: 23176412] - Eduardo Moura, Elisabete Silva, Maria Paula Serrão, Joana Afonso, Carina Esteves Pinto Kozmus, Maria Augusta Vieira-Coelho. α2C-Adrenoceptors modulate L-DOPA uptake in opossum kidney cells and in the mouse kidney.
American journal of physiology. Renal physiology.
2012 Oct; 303(7):F928-38. doi:
10.1152/ajprenal.00217.2011. [PMID: 22859407] - Leigh A Lamont, Shelley A Burton, Deanne Caines, Eric D V Troncy. Effects of 2 different infusion rates of medetomidine on sedation score, cardiopulmonary parameters, and serum levels of medetomidine in healthy dogs.
Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire.
2012 Oct; 76(4):308-16. doi:
. [PMID: 23543957] - Akari Kamine, Michito Shimozuru, Haruki Shibata, Toshio Tsubota. Effects of intramuscular administration of tiletamine-zolazepam with and without sedative pretreatment on plasma and serum biochemical values and glucose tolerance test results in Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus).
American journal of veterinary research.
2012 Aug; 73(8):1282-9. doi:
10.2460/ajvr.73.8.1282. [PMID: 22849689] - Catherine M Creighton, Kip A Lemke, Leigh A Lamont, Barbara S Horney, Aimie J Doyle. Comparison of the effects of xylazine bolus versus medetomidine constant rate infusion on the stress response, urine production, and anesthetic recovery characteristics in horses anesthetized with isoflurane.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.
2012 Apr; 240(8):998-1002. doi:
10.2460/javma.240.8.998. [PMID: 22471830] - Tim Bouts, Robert Hermes, Frank Gasthuys, Joseph Saragusty, Polly Taylor, Andrew Routh, Thomas B Hildebrandt. Medetomidine-ketamine-isoflurane anaesthesia in pygmy hippopotami (Choeropsis liberiensis)--a case series.
Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia.
2012 Jan; 39(1):111-8. doi:
10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00671.x. [PMID: 22103592] - G C Musk, J D Netto, G L Maker, R D Trengove. Transplacental transfer of medetomidine and ketamine in pregnant ewes.
Laboratory animals.
2012 Jan; 46(1):46-50. doi:
10.1258/la.2011.010179. [PMID: 22008849] - Kristin N Grimsrud, Khursheed R Mama, Eugene P Steffey, Scott D Stanley. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous medetomidine in the horse.
Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia.
2012 Jan; 39(1):38-48. doi:
10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00669.x. [PMID: 22103480] - Jeremy D Netto, Gabrielle C Musk, Garth L Maker, Robert D Trengove. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of ketamine and medetomidine in ovine plasma.
Biomedical chromatography : BMC.
2011 Dec; 25(12):1374-80. doi:
10.1002/bmc.1613. [PMID: 21381066] - Anita Schernthaner, Christine E Lendl, Katrin Hartmann, Ingo Pragst, Anne-Kathrin Preissel, Julia Henke. Medetomidine/midazolam/ketamine anaesthesia in ferrets: effects on cardiorespiratory parameters and evaluation of plasma drug concentrations.
Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia.
2011 Sep; 38(5):439-50. doi:
10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00635.x. [PMID: 21831049] - Matthew D Winter, Kristina G Miles, Dean H Riedesel. Effect of sedation protocol on glomerular filtration rate in cats as determined by use of quantitative renal scintigraphy.
American journal of veterinary research.
2011 Sep; 72(9):1222-5. doi:
10.2460/ajvr.72.9.1222. [PMID: 21879980] - Anna Lennquist, Noomi Asker, Erik Kristiansson, Adam Brenthel, Björn Thrandur Björnsson, Peter Kling, Maria Hultman, D G Joakim Larsson, Lars Förlin. Physiology and mRNA expression in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after long-term exposure to the new antifoulant medetomidine.
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP.
2011 Sep; 154(3):234-41. doi:
10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.06.002. [PMID: 21703361] - Jordyn M Boesch, Jason R Boulanger, Paul D Curtis, Hollis N Erb, John W Ludders, Marc S Kraus, Robin D Gleed. Biochemical variables in free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) after chemical immobilization in clover traps or via ground-darting.
Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians.
2011 Mar; 42(1):18-28. doi:
10.1638/2009-0146.1. [PMID: 22946365] - Asa Fahlman, Jon M Arnemo, Jon E Swenson, John Pringle, Sven Brunberg, Görel Nyman. Physiologic evaluation of capture and anesthesia with medetomidine-zolazepam-tiletamine in brown bears (Ursus arctos).
Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians.
2011 Mar; 42(1):1-11. doi:
10.1638/2008-0117.1. [PMID: 22946363] - Gretchen E Singletary, Ashley B Saunders, W Brian Saunders, Jan S Suchodolski, Jörg M Steiner, Geoffery T Fosgate, Sandee M Hartsfield. Cardiac troponin I concentrations following medetomidine-butorphanol sedation in dogs.
Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia.
2010 Jul; 37(4):342-6. doi:
10.1111/j.1467-2995.2010.00540.x. [PMID: 20636565] - Guoyi Ma, Supriya A Bavadekar, Brian T Schaneberg, Ikhlas A Khan, Dennis R Feller. Effects of synephrine and beta-phenethylamine on human alpha-adrenoceptor subtypes.
Planta medica.
2010 Jul; 76(10):981-6. doi:
10.1055/s-0029-1240884. [PMID: 20217639] - M Filliers, T Rijsselaere, P Bossaert, D Zambelli, P Anastasi, M Hoogewijs, A Van Soom. In vitro evaluation of fresh sperm quality in tomcats: a comparison of two collection techniques.
Theriogenology.
2010 Jul; 74(1):31-9. doi:
10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.12.016. [PMID: 20219239] - Ralf Gilsbach, Johanna Schneider, Achim Lother, Stefanie Schickinger, Jost Leemhuis, Lutz Hein. Sympathetic alpha(2)-adrenoceptors prevent cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in mice at baseline but not after chronic pressure overload.
Cardiovascular research.
2010 Jun; 86(3):432-42. doi:
10.1093/cvr/cvq014. [PMID: 20083574] - Fernando do Carmo Silva, Eduardo Hatschbach, Yuri Karaccas de Carvalho, Bruno Watanabe Minto, Flávio Massone, Paulo do Nascimento Junior. Hemodynamics and bispectral index (BIS) of dogs anesthetized with midazolam and ketamine associated with medetomidine or dexmedetomidine and submitted to ovariohysterectomy.
Acta cirurgica brasileira.
2010 Apr; 25(2):181-9. doi:
10.1590/s0102-86502010000200011. [PMID: 20305886] - L A Lugo-Roman, P J Rico, R Sturdivant, R Burks, T L Settle. Effects of serial anesthesia using ketamine or ketamine/medetomidine on hematology and serum biochemistry values in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).
Journal of medical primatology.
2010 Feb; 39(1):41-9. doi:
10.1111/j.1600-0684.2009.00394.x. [PMID: 19878432] - Md Hasanuzzaman Talukder, Yoshiaki Hikasa, Hajime Takahashi, Kanako Sato, Aya Matsuu. Antagonistic effects of atipamezole and yohimbine on medetomidine-induced diuresis in healthy dogs.
Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire.
2009 Oct; 73(4):260-70. doi:
. [PMID: 20046627] - Md Hasanuzzaman Talukder, Yoshiaki Hikasa. Diuretic effects of medetomidine compared with xylazine in healthy dogs.
Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire.
2009 Jul; 73(3):224-36. doi:
. [PMID: 19794896] - M Vaneker, J P Santosa, L M Heunks, F J Halbertsma, D G Snijdelaar, J VAN Egmond, I A VAN DEN Brink, F M VAN DE Pol, J G VAN DER Hoeven, G J Scheffer. Isoflurane attenuates pulmonary interleukin-1beta and systemic tumor necrosis factor-alpha following mechanical ventilation in healthy mice.
Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica.
2009 Jul; 53(6):742-8. doi:
10.1111/j.1399-6576.2009.01962.x. [PMID: 19388896] - Sara Wells, Chris Trower, Tertius A Hough, Michelle Stewart, Michael T Cheeseman. Urethral obstruction by seminal coagulum is associated with medetomidine-ketamine anesthesia in male mice on C57BL/6J and mixed genetic backgrounds.
Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS.
2009 May; 48(3):296-9. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 19476720] - Vi Dang, Saran Bao, Alida Ault, Catherine Murray, Joy McFarlane-Mills, Carmelo Chiedi, Marlon Dillon, John-Paul Todd, Louis Detolla, Srinivas Rao. Efficacy and safety of five injectable anesthetic regimens for chronic blood collection from the anterior vena cava of Guinea pigs.
Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS.
2008 Nov; 47(6):56-60. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 19049255] - Michael R Ethier, Karol A Mathews, Alexander Valverde, Carolyn Kerr, Alexa M Bersenas, Stephanie G Nykamp, Clive Davis. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety for use of two sedation and analgesia protocols to facilitate assisted ventilation of healthy dogs.
American journal of veterinary research.
2008 Oct; 69(10):1351-9. doi:
10.2460/ajvr.69.10.1351. [PMID: 18828695] - Teppei Kanda, Yoshiaki Hikasa. Effects of medetomidine and midazolam alone or in combination on the metabolic and neurohormonal responses in healthy cats.
Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire.
2008 Jul; 72(4):332-9. doi:
. [PMID: 18783022] - Teppei Kanda, Yoshiaki Hikasa. Neurohormonal and metabolic effects of medetomidine compared with xylazine in healthy cats.
Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire.
2008 Apr; 72(3):278-86. doi:
. [PMID: 18505192] - Asa Fahlman, Jon M Arnemo, Jens Persson, Peter Segerström, Görel Nyman. Capture and medetomidine-ketamine anesthesia of free-ranging wolverines (Gulo gulo).
Journal of wildlife diseases.
2008 Jan; 44(1):133-42. doi:
10.7589/0090-3558-44.1.133. [PMID: 18263828] - P Kinjavdekar, G R Singh, Amarpal, H P Aithal, A M Pawde. Clinicophysiological effects of spinally administered ketamine and its combination with xylazine and medetomidine in healthy goats.
Veterinary research communications.
2007 Oct; 31(7):847-61. doi:
10.1007/s11259-007-0049-9. [PMID: 17294260] - C A Harms, S A Eckert, S A Kubis, M Campbell, D H Levenson, M A Crognale. Field anaesthesia of leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea).
The Veterinary record.
2007 Jul; 161(1):15-21. doi:
10.1136/vr.161.1.15. [PMID: 17617540] - Jodi L Westropp, Philip H Kass, C A Tony Buffington. In vivo evaluation of alpha(2)-adrenoceptors in cats with idiopathic cystitis.
American journal of veterinary research.
2007 Feb; 68(2):203-7. doi:
10.2460/ajvr.68.2.203. [PMID: 17269887] - Jan H M Frendin, Ingrid M Boström, Naruepon Kampa, Per Eksell, Jens U Häggström, Görel C Nyman. Effects of carprofen on renal function during medetomidine-propofol-isoflurane anesthesia in dogs.
American journal of veterinary research.
2006 Dec; 67(12):1967-73. doi:
10.2460/ajvr.67.12.1967. [PMID: 17144795] - Ulrich W Laengle, Anne U Trendelenburg, Rudolf Markstein, Vicente Nogues, Anne Provencher-Bollinger, Danielle Roman. GLC756 decreases TNF-alpha via an alpha2 and beta2 adrenoceptor related mechanism.
Experimental eye research.
2006 Nov; 83(5):1246-51. doi:
10.1016/j.exer.2006.07.001. [PMID: 16938291] - Juan Bellas, Annelie Hilvarsson, Göran Birgersson, Ke Granmo. Effects of medetomidine, a novel antifouling agent, on the burrowing bivalve Abra nitida (Müller).
Chemosphere.
2006 Oct; 65(4):575-82. doi:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.02.045. [PMID: 16581099] - Irina R Miksa, Margaret R Cummings, Robert H Poppenga. Determination of acepromazine, ketamine, medetomidine, and xylazine in serum: multi-residue screening by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Journal of analytical toxicology.
2005 Sep; 29(6):544-51. doi:
10.1093/jat/29.6.544. [PMID: 16168177] - Nahed Saleh, Mica Aoki, Terumasa Shimada, Hideo Akiyoshi, Amin Hassanin, Fumihito Ohashi. Renal effects of medetomidine in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs with special reference to its diuretic action.
The Journal of veterinary medical science.
2005 May; 67(5):461-5. doi:
10.1292/jvms.67.461. [PMID: 15942129] - Tamas D Ambrisko, Yoshiaki Hikasa, Kota Sato. Influence of medetomidine on stress-related neurohormonal and metabolic effects caused by butorphanol, fentanyl, and ketamine administration in dogs.
American journal of veterinary research.
2005 Mar; 66(3):406-12. doi:
10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.406. [PMID: 15822583] - Deborah V Wilson, A Thomas Evans, Rachael A Carpenter, David R Mullineaux. The effect of four anesthetic protocols on splenic size in dogs.
Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia.
2004 Apr; 31(2):102-8. doi:
10.1111/j.1467-2987.2004.00152.x. [PMID: 15053748]