Gemifloxacin (BioDeep_00000027070)

   

human metabolite blood metabolite


代谢物信息卡片


7-[(4Z)-3-(aminomethyl)-4-(methoxyimino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid

化学式: C18H20FN5O4 (389.14992520000004)
中文名称: 吉米沙星
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(blood) 5.88%

分子结构信息

SMILES: CON=C1CN(c2nc3c(cc2F)c(=O)c(C(=O)O)cn3C2CC2)CC1CN
InChI: InChI=1S/C18H20FN5O4/c1-28-22-14-8-23(6-9(14)5-20)17-13(19)4-11-15(25)12(18(26)27)7-24(10-2-3-10)16(11)21-17/h4,7,9-10H,2-3,5-6,8,20H2,1H3,(H,26,27)/b22-14+

描述信息

Gemifloxacin is an oral broad-spectrum quinolone antibacterial agent used in the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and mild-to-moderate pneumonia. Gemifloxacin acts by inhibiting DNA synthesis through the inhibition of both DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are essential for bacterial growth.
J - Antiinfectives for systemic use > J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use > J01M - Quinolone antibacterials > J01MA - Fluoroquinolones
D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059005 - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D024841 - Fluoroquinolones
C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C258 - Antibiotic > C795 - Quinolone Antibiotic
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

同义名列表

7 个代谢物同义名

7-[(4Z)-3-(aminomethyl)-4-(methoxyimino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid; 7-(3-Aminomethyl-4-methoxyimino-pyrrolidine-1-yl)-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-(1,8)-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid; Gemifloxacin mesilate; Gemifloxacin mesylate; Gemifloxacin; Factive; Factiv



数据库引用编号

12 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

1 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Touqeer Ahmad, Fazal Mahbood, Rizwana Sarwar, Ayesha Iqbal, Majid Khan, Sayyar Muhammad, Khamis Al-Riyami, Nusrat Hussain, Jalal Uddin, Ajmal Khan, Ahmed Al-Harrasi. Synthesis of gemifloxacin conjugated silver nanoparticles, their amplified bacterial efficacy against human pathogen and their morphological study via TEM analysis. Artificial cells, nanomedicine, and biotechnology. 2021 Dec; 49(1):661-671. doi: 10.1080/21691401.2021.2003805. [PMID: 34818127]
  • Orlando Salinas-Jaramillo, Alejandra Monroy-Arreola, Sebastian Herrera-Noreña, Ana L Guzmán-Ortiz, Abrahan Hernández-Hernández, Silvia Méndez-Flores, Judith Domínguez-Cherit, Noe V Duran-Figueroa, Dean J Naisbitt, Pedro Cortes-Reynosa, Eduardo Perez Salazar, Héctor Quezada, J Luis Castrejón-Flores. Extracellular Vesicles from Human Plasma Show a Distinctive Proteome and miRNome Profile in Patients with Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions. Chemical research in toxicology. 2021 07; 34(7):1738-1748. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00047. [PMID: 34142820]
  • Asiye Kanbay, İrem Mıhcıoğlu, Nilüfer Tekin. A rare but a serious complication: gemifloxacin induced tendinopathy. Tuberkuloz ve toraks. 2020 Jul; 68(2):184-187. doi: NULL. [PMID: 32755119]
  • Nilay Aslan, Ender Büyükgüzel, Kemal Büyükgüzel. Oxidative Effects of Gemifloxacin on Some Biological Traits of Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Environmental entomology. 2019 06; 48(3):667-673. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvz039. [PMID: 30994172]
  • Rui Zhao, Qing Wang, Xin-Xin Hu, Tong-Ying Nie, Xin-Yi Yang, Cong-Ran Li, Xi Lu, Xiukun Wang, Jian-Dong Jiang, Jing Pang, Xue-Fu You. Microdialysis combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the quantitation of gemifloxacin and its application to a muscle penetration study in healthy and MRSA-infected rats. PloS one. 2019; 14(6):e0217573. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217573. [PMID: 31170198]
  • F Belal, F Ibrahim, Z A Sheribah, H Alaa. New spectrophotometric/chemometric assisted methods for the simultaneous determination of imatinib, gemifloxacin, nalbuphine and naproxen in pharmaceutical formulations and human urine. Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy. 2018 Jun; 198(?):51-60. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.02.048. [PMID: 29518680]
  • Meltem Erdem, Ceyhun Küçük, Ender Büyükgüzel, Kemal Büyükgüzel. Ingestion of the anti-bacterial agent, gemifloxacin mesylate, leads to increased gst activity and peroxidation products in hemolymph of Galleria mellonella l. (lepidoptera: pyralidae). Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology. 2016 Dec; 93(4):202-209. doi: 10.1002/arch.21352. [PMID: 27588824]
  • Marina Denadai, Quezia Bezerra Cass. Simultaneous determination of fluoroquinolones in environmental water by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with direct injection: A green approach. Journal of chromatography. A. 2015 Oct; 1418(?):177-184. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.066. [PMID: 26427326]
  • Clésio Soldateli Paim, Bibiana Verlindo de Araújo, Nádia Maria Volpato, Martin Steppe, Elfrides Eva Sherman Schapoval. Gemifloxacin mesylate (GFM): dissolution test based on in vivo data. Drug development and industrial pharmacy. 2015 Apr; 41(4):567-72. doi: 10.3109/03639045.2014.884128. [PMID: 24517572]
  • W M El-Koussi, N N Atia, A M Mahmoud, S R El-Shabouri. HPTLC method for direct determination of gemifloxacin mesylate in human plasma. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2014 Sep; 967(?):98-101. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.07.004. [PMID: 25086419]
  • Mi Jo Kim, Hyeong-Seok Lim, Sang-Heon Cho, Kyun-Seop Bae. Comparative pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of gemifloxacin administered as an intravenous 200 mg formulation or an oral 320 mg tablet. Clinical drug investigation. 2014 Mar; 34(3):195-201. doi: 10.1007/s40261-013-0164-z. [PMID: 24385283]
  • Hyo-Eon Jin, Boran Song, Sang-Bum Kim, Won-Sik Shim, Dae-Duk Kim, Saeho Chong, Suk-Jae Chung, Chang-Koo Shim. Transport of gemifloxacin, a 4th generation quinolone antibiotic, in the Caco-2 and engineered MDCKII cells, and potential involvement of efflux transporters in the intestinal absorption of the drug. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems. 2013 Apr; 43(4):355-67. doi: 10.3109/00498254.2012.720740. [PMID: 23020787]
  • Bibiana Verlindo de Araújo, João Victor Laureano, Lauren Dockhorn Grünspan, Teresa Dalla Costa, Leandro Tasso. Validation of an efficient LC-microdialysis method for gemifloxacin quantitation in lung, kidney and liver of rats. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2013 Mar; 919-920(?):62-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.01.006. [PMID: 23411020]
  • Fang Zhao, Wen-hui Zhao, Wei Xiong. Chemiluminescence determination of gemifloxacin based on diperiodatoargentate (III)-sulphuric acid reaction in a micellar medium. Luminescence : the journal of biological and chemical luminescence. 2013 Mar; 28(2):108-13. doi: 10.1002/bio.2347. [PMID: 22362634]
  • Malgorzata Szultka, Rafal Krzeminski, Jacek Szeliga, Marek Jackowski, Boguslaw Buszewski. A new approach for antibiotic drugs determination in human plasma by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of chromatography. A. 2013 Jan; 1272(?):41-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.11.056. [PMID: 23261289]
  • Daniel J Warner, Hongming Chen, Louis-David Cantin, J Gerry Kenna, Simone Stahl, Clare L Walker, Tobias Noeske. Mitigating the inhibition of human bile salt export pump by drugs: opportunities provided by physicochemical property modulation, in silico modeling, and structural modification. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2012 Dec; 40(12):2332-41. doi: 10.1124/dmd.112.047068. [PMID: 22961681]
  • Moacir Kaiser, Lauren D Grünspan, Teresa Dalla Costa, Leandro Tasso. Reversed phase liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection of gemifloxacin in rat plasma and its application to the pharmacokinetic study. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2011 Nov; 879(30):3639-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.09.011. [PMID: 21963480]
  • Serife Evrim Kepekci Tekkeli, Armağan Önal. Spectrofluorimetric methods for the determination of gemifloxacin in tablets and spiked plasma samples. Journal of fluorescence. 2011 May; 21(3):1001-7. doi: 10.1007/s10895-010-0759-1. [PMID: 20981565]
  • Badraddin M H Al-Hadiya, Adnan A Khady, Gamal A E Mostafa. Validated liquid chromatographic-fluorescence method for the quantitation of gemifloxacin in human plasma. Talanta. 2010 Nov; 83(1):110-6. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.08.047. [PMID: 21035650]
  • Bikash Roy, Amlan Kanti Sarkar, Pinaki Sengupta, Goutam Dey, Anjan Das, Tapan Kumar Pal. Twenty-eight days repeated oral dose toxicity study of gemifloxacin in Wistar albino rats. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP. 2010 Nov; 58(2):196-207. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.05.008. [PMID: 20580917]
  • Bikash Roy, Ayan Das, Uttam Bhaumik, Amlan Kanti Sarkar, Anirbandeep Bose, Jayanti Mukharjee, Uday Sankar Chakrabarty, Anjan Kumar Das, Tapan Kumar Pal. Determination of gemifloxacin in different tissues of rat after oral dosing of gemifloxacin mesylate by LC-MS/MS and its application in drug tissue distribution study. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2010 Jun; 52(2):216-26. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.12.019. [PMID: 20092976]
  • Bikash Roy, Anirbandeep Bose, Uttam Bhaumik, Ayan Das, Nilendra Chatterjee, Animesh Ghosh, Soumendra Darbar, Amlan Kanti Sarkar, Pinaki Sengupta, T K Pal. Convulsant activity and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of the electroencephalogram effect of gemifloxacin in rats. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2010 Mar; 99(3):1535-47. doi: 10.1002/jps.21888. [PMID: 19670296]
  • A R Rote, S P Pingle. Reverse phase-HPLC and HPTLC methods for determination of gemifloxacin mesylate in human plasma. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2009 Nov; 877(29):3719-23. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.08.013. [PMID: 19716354]
  • Cornelia B Landersdorfer, Carl M J Kirkpatrick, Martina Kinzig, Jürgen B Bulitta, Ulrike Holzgrabe, George L Drusano, Fritz Sörgel. Competitive inhibition of renal tubular secretion of gemifloxacin by probenecid. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2009 Sep; 53(9):3902-7. doi: 10.1128/aac.01200-08. [PMID: 19564368]
  • Ayman M Noreddin, Angela A Reese, Melissa Ostroski, Daryl J Hoban, George G Zhanel. Comparative pharmacodynamics of garenoxacin, gemifloxacin, and moxifloxacin in community-acquired pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae: a Monte Carlo simulation analysis. Clinical therapeutics. 2007 Dec; 29(12):2685-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.12.019. [PMID: 18201584]
  • A M Al-Mohizea, A A Kadi, A M Al-Bekairi, S A Al-Balla, M J Al-Yamani, K I Al-Khamis, E M Niazy, Y M El-Sayed. Bioequivalence evaluation of 320 mg gemifloxacin tablets in healthy volunteers. International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2007 Nov; 45(11):617-22. doi: 10.5414/cpp45617. [PMID: 18077928]
  • Dong Seop Kim, Ki-Suk Kim, Ki Hwan Choi, Hankwang Na, Joo-Il Kim, Won-Ho Shin, Eun-Joo Kim. Electrophysiological safety of novel fluoroquinolone antibiotic agents gemifloxacin and balofloxacin. Drug and chemical toxicology. 2006; 29(3):303-12. doi: 10.1080/01480540600652996. [PMID: 16777708]
  • Louis Saravolatz, Odette Manzor, Joan Pawlak, Bradley Belian. Antimicrobial activity and a comparison of published pharmacodynamics of gemifloxacin and eight fluoroquinolones against Streptococcus pneumoniae. International journal of antimicrobial agents. 2005 Jul; 26(1):81-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.03.004. [PMID: 15951159]
  • Sujata M Bhavnani, David R Andes. Gemifloxacin for the treatment of respiratory tract infections: in vitro susceptibility, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, and safety. Pharmacotherapy. 2005 May; 25(5):717-40. doi: 10.1592/phco.25.5.717.63583. [PMID: 15899734]
  • E Azoulay-Dupuis, J P Bédos, J Mohler, P Moine, C Cherbuliez, G Peytavin, B Fantin, T Köhler. Activity of gemifloxacin against quinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in vitro and in a mouse pneumonia model. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2005 Mar; 49(3):1046-54. doi: 10.1128/aac.49.3.1046-1054.2005. [PMID: 15728901]
  • Seung Il Cho, Jiyeon Shim, Min-Su Kim, Yong-Kweon Kim, Doo Soo Chung. On-line sample cleanup and chiral separation of gemifloxacin in a urinary solution using chiral crown ether as a chiral selector in microchip electrophoresis. Journal of chromatography. A. 2004 Nov; 1055(1-2):241-5. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.08.124. [PMID: 15560503]
  • Florian Islinger, Rene Bouw, Mathias Stahl, Edith Lackner, Petra Zeleny, Martin Brunner, Markus Müller, Hans Georg Eichler, Christian Joukhadar. Concentrations of gemifloxacin at the target site in healthy volunteers after a single oral dose. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2004 Nov; 48(11):4246-9. doi: 10.1128/aac.48.11.4246-4249.2004. [PMID: 15504848]
  • I H Hall, U Schwab, E S Ward, T Ives. In vitro anti-inflammatory effects and immunomodulation by gemifloxacin in stimulated human THP-1 monocytes. Die Pharmazie. 2004 Sep; 59(9):713-9. doi: ". [PMID: 15497755]
  • F Araujo, T Slifer, S Li, A Kuver, L Fong, J Remington. Gemifloxacin inhibits cytokine secretion by lipopolysaccharide stimulated human monocytes at the post-transcriptional level. Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2004 Mar; 10(3):213-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1198-743x.2004.00824.x. [PMID: 15008941]
  • C Malerczyk, M Kolbert, M Kinzig-Schippers, F Sörgel, K Machka, P M Shah. Serum bactericidal activity of gemifloxacin versus clarithromycin against Streptococcus pneumoniae with different susceptibility to quinolones. Journal of chemotherapy (Florence, Italy). 2004 Feb; 16(1):56-61. doi: 10.1179/joc.2004.16.1.56. [PMID: 15078000]
  • M W Pletz, P Petzold, A Allen, O Burkhardt, H Lode. Effect of calcium carbonate on bioavailability of orally administered gemifloxacin. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2003 Jul; 47(7):2158-60. doi: 10.1128/aac.47.7.2158-2160.2003. [PMID: 12821462]
  • M García-Olmos, A Parra, G García-Calvo, C Ponte, M J Giménez, L Aguilar, F Soriano. Efficacy and pharmacodynamics of gemifloxacin versus levofloxacin in guinea pig pneumococcal pneumonia induced by strains with decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility. International journal of antimicrobial agents. 2003 Jun; 21(6):568-73. doi: 10.1016/s0924-8579(03)00059-1. [PMID: 12791471]
  • Gloria García-Calvo, Araceli Parra, Carmen Ponte, Francisco Soriano, María J Giménez, Lorenzo Aguilar. Urine bactericidal activity after administration of gemifloxacin and trovafloxacin single doses in a phase I study. International journal of antimicrobial agents. 2002 Dec; 20(6):477-80. doi: 10.1016/s0924-8579(02)00242-x. [PMID: 12458147]
  • A Calvo, M J Giménez, L Alou, M L Gómez-Lus, L Aguilar, J Prieto. Ex vivo serum activity (killing rates) after gemifloxacin 320 mg versus trovafloxacin 200 mg single doses against ciprofloxacin-susceptible and -resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. International journal of antimicrobial agents. 2002 Aug; 20(2):144-6. doi: 10.1016/s0924-8579(02)00119-x. [PMID: 12297365]
  • Seung Il Cho, Kook-Nyung Lee, Yong-Kweon Kim, Jaeho Jang, Doo Soo Chung. Chiral separation of gemifloxacin in sodium-containing media using chiral crown ether as a chiral selector by capillary and microchip electrophoresis. Electrophoresis. 2002 Mar; 23(6):972-7. doi: 10.1002/1522-2683(200203)23:6<972::aid-elps972>3.0.co;2-f. [PMID: 11920885]
  • A A Firsov, S H Zinner, I Y Lubenko, Y A Portnoy, S N Vostrov. Simulated in vitro quinolone pharmacodynamics at clinically achievable AUC/MIC ratios: advantage of I E over other integral parameters. Chemotherapy. 2002; 48(6):275-9. doi: 10.1159/000069709. [PMID: 12673102]
  • P Joyanes, A Pascual, M J Giménez, I García, L Aguilar, E Perea. Differences between two new quinolones (gemifloxacin and trovafloxacin) and ciprofloxacin in their concentration-dependent killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Chemotherapy. 2001 Dec; 47(6):409-14. doi: 10.1159/000048551. [PMID: 11786655]
  • C K Naber, M Hammer, M Kinzig-Schippers, C Sauber, F Sörgel, E A Bygate, A J Fairless, K Machka, K G Naber. Urinary excretion and bactericidal activities of gemifloxacin and ofloxacin after a single oral dose in healthy volunteers. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2001 Dec; 45(12):3524-30. doi: 10.1128/aac.45.12.3524-3530.2001. [PMID: 11709334]
  • C Rossi, J Sternon. [Third and fourth generation fluoroquinolones]. Revue medicale de Bruxelles. 2001 Oct; 22(5):443-56. doi: NULL. [PMID: 11723788]
  • A P MacGowan, C A Rogers, H A Holt, M Wootton, K E Bowker. Pharmacodynamics of gemifloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model of infection. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2001 Oct; 45(10):2916-21. doi: 10.1128/aac.45.10.2916-2921.2001. [PMID: 11557490]
  • J Prieto, L Aguilar, F Fuentes, M J Giménez, L Alou, R Dal-Ré, F Sörgel, J Frías. Influence of diminished susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae to ciprofloxacin on the serum bactericidal activity of gemifloxacin and trovafloxacin after a single dose in healthy volunteers. International journal of antimicrobial agents. 2001 Sep; 18(3):231-8. doi: 10.1016/s0924-8579(01)00392-2. [PMID: 11673035]
  • P H Edelstein, T Shinzato, E Doyle, M A Edelstein. In vitro activity of gemifloxacin (SB-265805, LB20304a) against Legionella pneumophila and its pharmacokinetics in guinea pigs with L. pneumophila pneumonia. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2001 Aug; 45(8):2204-9. doi: 10.1128/aac.45.8.2204-2209.2001. [PMID: 11451675]
  • G García-Calvo, A Parra, L Aguilar, C Ponte, M J Giménez, A Carcas, M Kinzig-Schippers, F Soriano. Antibacterial properties of gemifloxacin and trovafloxacin in urine ex vivo: phase I study. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2001 Jun; 45(6):1876-8. doi: 10.1128/aac.45.6.1876-1878.2001. [PMID: 11353641]
  • J V Ramji, N E Austin, G W Boyle, M H Chalker, G Duncan, A J Fairless, F J Hollis, D F McDonnell, T J Musick, P C Shardlow. The disposition of gemifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone antibiotic, in rats and dogs. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2001 Apr; 29(4 Pt 1):435-42. doi: NULL. [PMID: 11259328]
  • T Gee, J M Andrews, J P Ashby, G Marshall, R Wise. Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of gemifloxacin following a single oral dose. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 2001 Apr; 47(4):431-4. doi: 10.1093/jac/47.4.431. [PMID: 11266415]
  • G Garcia-Calvo, A Molleja, M J Giménez, A Parra, E Nieto, C Ponte, L Aguilar, F Soriano. Effects of single oral doses of gemifloxacin (320 milligrams) versus trovafloxacin (200 milligrams) on fecal flora in healthy volunteers. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2001 Feb; 45(2):608-11. doi: 10.1128/aac.45.2.608-611.2001. [PMID: 11158764]
  • A Allen, E Bygate, M Vousden, S Oliver, M Johnson, C Ward, A Cheon, Y S Choo, I Kim. Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and tolerability of gemifloxacin administered orally to healthy volunteers. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2001 Feb; 45(2):540-5. doi: 10.1128/aac.45.2.540-545.2001. [PMID: 11158752]
  • K G Naber, K Hollauer, D Kirchbauer, W Witte. In vitro activity of gatifloxacin compared with gemifloxacin, moxifloxacin, trovafloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin against uropathogens cultured from patients with complicated urinary tract infections. International journal of antimicrobial agents. 2000 Nov; 16(3):239-43. doi: 10.1016/s0924-8579(00)00222-3. [PMID: 11091042]
  • E Doyle, S E Fowles, D F McDonnell, R McCarthy, S A White. Rapid determination of gemifloxacin in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications. 2000 Sep; 746(2):191-8. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00333-9. [PMID: 11076071]
  • A Allen, E Bygate, H Faessel, L Isaac, A Lewis. The effect of ferrous sulphate and sucralfate on the bioavailability of oral gemifloxacin in healthy volunteers. International journal of antimicrobial agents. 2000 Aug; 15(4):283-9. doi: 10.1016/s0924-8579(00)00187-4. [PMID: 10929878]
  • A Allen, E Bygate, S Oliver, M Johnson, C Ward, A J Cheon, Y S Choo, I C Kim. Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of gemifloxacin (SB-265805) after administration of single oral doses to healthy volunteers. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2000 Jun; 44(6):1604-8. doi: 10.1128/aac.44.6.1604-1608.2000. [PMID: 10817716]
  • M R Hammerschlag. Activity of gemifloxacin and other new quinolones against Chlamydia pneumoniae: a review. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 2000 Apr; 45 Suppl 1(?):35-9. doi: 10.1093/jac/45.suppl_3.35. [PMID: 10824030]
  • V Berry, R Page, J Satterfield, C Singley, R Straub, G Woodnutt. Comparative in vivo activity of gemifloxacin in a rat model of respiratory tract infection. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 2000 Apr; 45 Suppl 1(?):79-85. doi: 10.1093/jac/45.suppl_3.79. [PMID: 10824037]
  • A Smirnov, A Wellmer, J Gerber, K Maier, S Henne, R Nau. Gemifloxacin is effective in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2000 Mar; 44(3):767-70. doi: 10.1128/aac.44.3.767-770.2000. [PMID: 10681354]
  • M Davy, A Allen, N Bird, K L Rost, H Fuder. Lack of effect of gemifloxacin on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of theophylline in healthy volunteers. Chemotherapy. 1999 Nov; 45(6):478-84. doi: 10.1159/000007241. [PMID: 10567778]
  • M Vousden, A Allen, A Lewis, N Ehren. Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between gemifloxacin and digoxin in healthy elderly volunteers. Chemotherapy. 1999 Nov; 45(6):485-90. doi: 10.1159/000007242. [PMID: 10567779]
  • A Allen, M Vousden, A Porter, A Lewis. Effect of Maalox on the bioavailability of oral gemifloxacin in healthy volunteers. Chemotherapy. 1999 Nov; 45(6):504-11. doi: 10.1159/000007245. [PMID: 10567782]
  • A Allen, M Vousden, A Lewis. Effect of omeprazole on the pharmacokinetics of oral gemifloxacin in healthy volunteers. Chemotherapy. 1999 Nov; 45(6):496-503. doi: 10.1159/000007244. [PMID: 10567781]