Phentermine (BioDeep_00000002652)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00000406247

human metabolite blood metabolite Chemicals and Drugs Volatile Flavor Compounds


代谢物信息卡片


(alpha,alpha)-Dimethylphenethylamine

化学式: C10H15N (149.120443)
中文名称: 芬特明
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Viridiplantae(plant) 93.75%

分子结构信息

SMILES: CC(C)(CC1=CC=CC=C1)N
InChI: InChI=1S/C10H15N/c1-10(2,11)8-9-6-4-3-5-7-9/h3-7H,8,11H2,1-2H3

描述信息

Phentermine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of dextroamphetamine. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity. [PubChem]Phentermine is an amphetamine that stimulates neurons to release or maintain high levels of a particular group of neurotransmitters known as catecholamines; these include dopamine and norepinephrine. High levels of these catecholamines tend to suppress hunger signals and appetite. The drug seems to inhibit reuptake of noradrenaline, dopamine, and seratonin through inhibition or reversal of the reuptake transporters. It may also inhibit MAO enzymes leaving more neurotransmitter available at the synapse.Phentermine (through catecholamine elevation) may also indirectly affect leptin levels in the brain. It is theorized that phentermine can raise levels of leptin which signal satiety. It is also theorized that increased levels of the catecholamines are partially responsible for halting another chemical messenger known as neuropeptide Y. This peptide initiates eating, decreases energy expenditure, and increases fat storage.
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A08 - Antiobesity preparations, excl. diet products > A08A - Antiobesity preparations, excl. diet products > A08AA - Centrally acting antiobesity products
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 7; HBM4EU - science and policy for a healthy future (https://www.hbm4eu.eu)
CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); HBM4EU - science and policy for a healthy future (https://www.hbm4eu.eu)
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013566 - Sympathomimetics
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000697 - Central Nervous System Stimulants
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents
D019440 - Anti-Obesity Agents > D001067 - Appetite Depressants
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29728 - Anorexiant

同义名列表

17 个代谢物同义名

(alpha,alpha)-Dimethylphenethylamine; alpha,alpha-Dimethylphenethylamine; 2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine; a,a-Dimethylphenethylamine; Hydrochloride, phentermine; Α,α-dimethylphenethylamine; Phentermine Hydrochloride; Phenterminum; phentermine; Fentermina; Adipex-p; Ionamine; Duromine; Adipex p; AdipexP; Phentermine; Phentermine



数据库引用编号

83 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

1 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Qingyang Shi, Yang Wang, Qiukui Hao, Per Olav Vandvik, Gordon Guyatt, Jing Li, Zhe Chen, Shishi Xu, Yanjiao Shen, Long Ge, Feng Sun, Ling Li, Jiajie Yu, Kailei Nong, Xinyu Zou, Siyi Zhu, Cong Wang, Shengzhao Zhang, Zhi Qiao, Zhongyu Jian, Ya Li, Xinyi Zhang, Kerun Chen, Furong Qu, Yuan Wu, Yazhou He, Haoming Tian, Sheyu Li. Pharmacotherapy for adults with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet (London, England). 2024 04; 403(10434):e21-e31. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00351-9. [PMID: 38582569]
  • Yu-Jin Kwon, Go Eun Kwon, Hye Sun Lee, Man Ho Choi, Ji-Won Lee. The Effect of Orlistat on Sterol Metabolism in Obese Patients. Frontiers in endocrinology. 2022; 13(?):824269. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.824269. [PMID: 35282441]
  • Michael E Hall, Jordana B Cohen, Jamy D Ard, Brent M Egan, John E Hall, Carl J Lavie, Jun Ma, Chiadi E Ndumele, Philip R Schauer, Daichi Shimbo. Weight-Loss Strategies for Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979). 2021 11; 78(5):e38-e50. doi: 10.1161/hyp.0000000000000202. [PMID: 34538096]
  • Karen E Elkind-Hirsch, N Chappell, Ericka Seidemann, John Storment, Drake Bellanger. Exenatide, Dapagliflozin, or Phentermine/Topiramate Differentially Affect Metabolic Profiles in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2021 09; 106(10):3019-3033. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab408. [PMID: 34097062]
  • Ernesto Limón-Bernal, José E Roa-Coria, Ángel Zúñiga-Romero, Juan C Huerta-Cruz, Irma R C Ruíz-Velasco, Francisco J Flores-Murrieta, Eleazar Lara-Padilla, Juan G Reyes-García, Héctor I Rocha-González. Anorectic interaction and safety of 5-hydroxytryptophan/carbidopa plus phentermine or diethylpropion in rat. Behavioural pharmacology. 2021 08; 32(5):368-381. doi: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000625. [PMID: 33660661]
  • Marvin Wei Jie Chua, Boon Cheok Lai. Phentermine-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Secondary to Uncontrolled Hypertension in a Patient with Weight Regain Post-bariatric Surgery. Obesity surgery. 2021 08; 31(8):3874-3879. doi: 10.1007/s11695-021-05438-2. [PMID: 33890226]
  • Richard Song, Brendan J Nolan, Hecham Harb, Priya Sumithran. Intensive management of obesity in people with severe chronic kidney disease: A review. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism. 2021 08; 23(8):1733-1745. doi: 10.1111/dom.14409. [PMID: 33904629]
  • Xiang-Guo Lei, Jia-Qi Ruan, Chen Lai, Ziyi Sun, Xi Yang. Efficacy and Safety of Phentermine/Topiramate in Adults with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.). 2021 06; 29(6):985-994. doi: 10.1002/oby.23152. [PMID: 33864346]
  • Sundeep Kumar, Akhil Mogalapalli, Ruthvik Srinivasamurthy, Sayed T Hussain, Philip L Mar. Supraventricular tachycardia with the use of phentermine: case report and review of literature. Postgraduate medicine. 2021 May; 133(4):454-457. doi: 10.1080/00325481.2021.1901476. [PMID: 33686912]
  • Yun Jeong Choi, Arum Sim, Min Kyung Kim, Sunglll Suh, Moon Kyo In, Jin Young Kim. Determination of phentermine, N-hydroxyphentermine and mephentermine in urine using dilute and shoot liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2016 Sep; 1029-1030(?):22-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.06.045. [PMID: 27398632]
  • William P Cheshire. Stimulant medication and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: a tale of two cases. Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society. 2016 06; 26(3):229-33. doi: 10.1007/s10286-016-0347-9. [PMID: 26968177]
  • Yang Ni, Ying Zhou, Mingzhen Xu, Xiaomeng He, Huqun Li, Satter Haseeb, Hui Chen, Weiyong Li. Simultaneous determination of phentermine and topiramate in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with positive/negative ion-switching electrospray ionization and its application in pharmacokinetic study. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2015 Mar; 107(?):444-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.01.035. [PMID: 25668796]
  • Jonathan W Cunningham, Stephen D Wiviott. Modern obesity pharmacotherapy: weighing cardiovascular risk and benefit. Clinical cardiology. 2014 Nov; 37(11):693-9. doi: 10.1002/clc.22304. [PMID: 25223901]
  • Theron J Hamilton, Harry Z Qui, Katherine V R Dozier, Zachary J Fuller. Phentermine interference and high L-methamphetamine concentration problems in GC-EI-MS SIM Analyses of R-(-)-α-methoxy-α-(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetyl chloride-derivatized amphetamines and methamphetamines†. Journal of analytical toxicology. 2014 Sep; 38(7):456-61. doi: 10.1093/jat/bku069. [PMID: 24951536]
  • W Timothy Garvey, Donna H Ryan, Robert Henry, Nancy J V Bohannon, Hermann Toplak, Michael Schwiers, Barbara Troupin, Wesley W Day. Prevention of type 2 diabetes in subjects with prediabetes and metabolic syndrome treated with phentermine and topiramate extended release. Diabetes care. 2014 Apr; 37(4):912-21. doi: 10.2337/dc13-1518. [PMID: 24103901]
  • Dimitrios N Kiortsis. A review of the metabolic effects of controlled-release Phentermine/Topiramate. Hormones (Athens, Greece). 2013 Oct; 12(4):507-16. doi: 10.14310/horm.2002.1438. [PMID: 24457398]
  • M Baretić. Obesity drug therapy. Minerva endocrinologica. 2013 Sep; 38(3):245-54. doi: ". [PMID: 24126545]
  • Michael H Davidson, Serena Tonstad, Suzanne Oparil, Michael Schwiers, Wesley W Day, Charles H Bowden. Changes in cardiovascular risk associated with phentermine and topiramate extended-release in participants with comorbidities and a body mass index ≥27 kg/m(2). The American journal of cardiology. 2013 Apr; 111(8):1131-8. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.12.038. [PMID: 23375187]
  • Kelly Anne Holes-Lewis, Robert Malcolm, Patrick M O'Neil, Kathie Hermayer. Pharmacotherapy of obesity: clinical treatments and considerations. The American journal of the medical sciences. 2013 Apr; 345(4):284-288. doi: 10.1097/maj.0b013e31828abcfd. [PMID: 23531960]
  • Gisela Skopp, Ricarda Jantos. [Phentermine--a "weighty" or a dangerous substance?]. Archiv fur Kriminologie. 2013 Mar; 231(3-4):116-29. doi: . [PMID: 23678625]
  • Mark J Ferris, Erin S Calipari, Yolanda Mateo, James R Melchior, David C S Roberts, Sara R Jones. Cocaine self-administration produces pharmacodynamic tolerance: differential effects on the potency of dopamine transporter blockers, releasers, and methylphenidate. Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2012 Jun; 37(7):1708-16. doi: 10.1038/npp.2012.17. [PMID: 22395730]
  • Pooja Iyer, Kenneth J Walker, Sundararajan V Madihally. Increased matrix synthesis by fibroblasts with decreased proliferation on synthetic chitosan-gelatin porous structures. Biotechnology and bioengineering. 2012 May; 109(5):1314-25. doi: 10.1002/bit.24396. [PMID: 22125268]
  • Hyeyoung Choi, Seungkyung Baeck, Moonhee Jang, Sooyeun Lee, Hwakyung Choi, Heesun Chung. Simultaneous analysis of psychotropic phenylalkylamines in oral fluid by GC-MS with automated SPE and its application to legal cases. Forensic science international. 2012 Feb; 215(1-3):81-7. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.02.011. [PMID: 21377815]
  • David B Allison, Kishore M Gadde, William Timothy Garvey, Craig A Peterson, Michael L Schwiers, Thomas Najarian, Peter Y Tam, Barbara Troupin, Wesley W Day. Controlled-release phentermine/topiramate in severely obese adults: a randomized controlled trial (EQUIP). Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.). 2012 Feb; 20(2):330-42. doi: 10.1038/oby.2011.330. [PMID: 22051941]
  • Kelly E Steidl, William Darko, Luke A Probst, John A Noviasky, Samer Nasser. Rhabdomyolysis associated with phentermine. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 2010 Nov; 67(22):1929-32. doi: 10.2146/ajhp090395. [PMID: 21048209]
  • J G Kang, C-Y Park, J H Kang, Y-W Park, S W Park. Randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of a newly developed formulation of phentermine diffuse-controlled release for obesity. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism. 2010 Oct; 12(10):876-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01242.x. [PMID: 20920040]
  • Leveriza F Arenas, Benilda S Ebarvia, Fortunato B Sevilla. Enantioselective piezoelectric quartz crystal sensor for d-methamphetamine based on a molecularly imprinted polymer. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. 2010 Aug; 397(7):3155-8. doi: 10.1007/s00216-010-3865-7. [PMID: 20526767]
  • Wei-Hsun Huang, Chin-Hung Liu, Ray H Liu, Ying Lung Tseng. Confirming urinary excretion of mephentermine and phentermine following the ingestion of oxethazaine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Journal of analytical toxicology. 2010 Mar; 34(2):73-7. doi: 10.1093/jat/34.2.73. [PMID: 20223098]
  • Raquel Ferrer-Lorente, Cristina Cabot, José-Antonio Fernández-López, Marià Alemany. Comparative effects of oleoyl-estrone and a specific beta3-adrenergic agonist (CL316, 243) on the expression of genes involved in energy metabolism of rat white adipose tissue. Nutrition & metabolism. 2010 Feb; 7(?):15. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-7-15. [PMID: 20184727]
  • Armineh Zohrabian. Clinical and economic considerations of antiobesity treatment: a review of orlistat. ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR. 2010; 2(?):63-74. doi: 10.2147/ceor.s5101. [PMID: 21935315]
  • John A Gruner, Val R Marcy, Yin-Guo Lin, Donna Bozyczko-Coyne, Michael J Marino, Maciej Gasior. The roles of dopamine transport inhibition and dopamine release facilitation in wake enhancement and rebound hypersomnolence induced by dopaminergic agents. Sleep. 2009 Nov; 32(11):1425-38. doi: 10.1093/sleep/32.11.1425. [PMID: 19928382]
  • Mei-Chich Hsu, Su-Fan Lin, Cheng-Ping Kuan, Wei-Lan Chu, Kuei-Hui Chan, Guo-Ping Chang-Chien. Oxethazaine as the source of mephentermine and phentermine in athlete's urine. Forensic science international. 2009 Mar; 185(1-3):e1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.12.009. [PMID: 19157735]
  • Mark Waterlow, Paul Chrisp. Rimonabant: the evidence for its use in the treatment of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Core evidence. 2008 Feb; 2(3):173-87. doi: ". [PMID: 21221184]
  • Luigino G Apollonio, Ian R Whittall, Dennis J Pianca, Jennelle M Kyd, William A Maher. Matrix effect and cross-reactivity of select amphetamine-type substances, designer analogues, and putrefactive amines using the Bio-Quant direct ELISA presumptive assays for amphetamine and methamphetamine. Journal of analytical toxicology. 2007 May; 31(4):208-13. doi: 10.1093/jat/31.4.208. [PMID: 17555644]
  • Dorota Zolkowska, Richard B Rothman, Michael H Baumann. Amphetamine analogs increase plasma serotonin: implications for cardiac and pulmonary disease. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 2006 Aug; 318(2):604-10. doi: 10.1124/jpet.106.101618. [PMID: 16644904]
  • A Mekontso-Dessap, F Brouri, O Pascal, P Lechat, N Hanoun, L Lanfumey, I Seif, N Benhaiem-Sigaux, M Kirsch, M Hamon, S Adnot, S Eddahibi. Deficiency of the 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter gene leads to cardiac fibrosis and valvulopathy in mice. Circulation. 2006 Jan; 113(1):81-9. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.105.554667. [PMID: 16380550]
  • Kevin L Klette, Matthew H Jamerson, Cynthia L Morris-Kukoski, Aaron R Kettle, J Jacob Snyder. Rapid simultaneous determination of amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine in urine by fast gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of analytical toxicology. 2005 Oct; 29(7):669-74. doi: 10.1093/jat/29.7.669. [PMID: 16419398]
  • Tatyana D Sotnikova, Jean-Martin Beaulieu, Larry S Barak, William C Wetsel, Marc G Caron, Raul R Gainetdinov. Dopamine-independent locomotor actions of amphetamines in a novel acute mouse model of Parkinson disease. PLoS biology. 2005 Aug; 3(8):e271. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030271. [PMID: 16050778]
  • Mohab Alexander, Richard B Rothman, Michael H Baumann, Christopher J Endres, James Robert Brasić, Dean F Wong. Noradrenergic and dopaminergic effects of (+)-amphetamine-like stimulants in the baboon Papio anubis. Synapse (New York, N.Y.). 2005 May; 56(2):94-9. doi: 10.1002/syn.20126. [PMID: 15729739]
  • Vladimir N Anisimov, Svetlana V Ukraintseva, Ivan V Anikin, Irina G Popovich, Mark A Zabezhinski, Lev M Bertsein, Alexander V Arutjunyan, Donald K Ingram, Mark A Lane, George S Roth. Effects of phentermine and phenformin on biomarkers of aging in rats. Gerontology. 2005 Jan; 51(1):19-28. doi: 10.1159/000081430. [PMID: 15591752]
  • Maria Luz Fernandez, Shiva Metghalchi, Sonia Vega-López, Karin Conde-Knape, Timothy G Lohman, Zaida R Cordero-Macintyre. Beneficial effects of weight loss on plasma apolipoproteins in postmenopausal women. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry. 2004 Dec; 15(12):717-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.07.001. [PMID: 15607644]
  • Amal Kaddoumi, Mihoko N Nakashima, Toshihide Maki, Yoshihiro Matsumura, Junzo Nakamura, Kenichiro Nakashima. Liquid chromatography studies on the pharmacokinetics of phentermine and fenfluramine in brain and blood microdialysates after intraperitoneal administration to rats. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2003 Jul; 791(1-2):291-303. doi: 10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00231-9. [PMID: 12798189]
  • Jianguo Zhi, Rema Moore, Linda Kanitra, Thomas E Mulligan. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of the possible interaction between selected concomitant medications and orlistat at steady state in healthy subjects. Journal of clinical pharmacology. 2002 Sep; 42(9):1011-9. doi: NULL. [PMID: 12211217]
  • Fiona J Couper, Melissa Pemberton, Anjanette Jarvis, Marty Hughes, Barry K Logan. Prevalence of drug use in commercial tractor-trailer drivers. Journal of forensic sciences. 2002 May; 47(3):562-7. doi: NULL. [PMID: 12051337]
  • Kyle M Kampman, Joseph R Volpicelli, Frank Mulvaney, Margaret Rukstalis, Arthur I Alterman, Helen Pettinati, Robert M Weinrieb, Charles P O'Brien. Cocaine withdrawal severity and urine toxicology results from treatment entry predict outcome in medication trials for cocaine dependence. Addictive behaviors. 2002 Mar; 27(2):251-60. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4603(01)00171-x. [PMID: 11817766]
  • Saadia Eddahibi, Serge Adnot. Anorexigen-induced pulmonary hypertension and the serotonin (5-HT) hypothesis: lessons for the future in pathogenesis. Respiratory research. 2002; 3(?):9. doi: 10.1186/rr181. [PMID: 11806844]
  • Akira Namera, Mikio Yashiki, Tohru Kojima, Makoto Ueki. Automated headspace solid-phase microextraction and in-matrix derivatization for the determination of amphetamine-related drugs in human urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of chromatographic science. 2002 Jan; 40(1):19-25. doi: 10.1093/chromsci/40.1.19. [PMID: 11866382]
  • A Kaddoumi, M N Nakashima, K Nakashima. Fluorometric determination of DL-fenfluramine, DL-norfenfluramine and phentermine in plasma by achiral and chiral high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications. 2001 Nov; 763(1-2):79-90. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00368-1. [PMID: 11710586]
  • T Decaestecker, E De Letter, K Clauwaert, M P Bouche, W Lambert, J Van Bocxlaer, M Piette, E Van den Eeckhout, C Van Peteghem, A De Leenheer. Fatal 4-MTA intoxication: development of a liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric assay for multiple matrices. Journal of analytical toxicology. 2001 Nov; 25(8):705-10. doi: 10.1093/jat/25.8.705. [PMID: 11765028]
  • A Kaddoumi, A Kubota, M N Nakashima, M Takahashi, K Nakashima. High performance liquid chromatography with UV detection for the simultaneous determination of sympathomimetic amines using 4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole-2-yl)benzoyl chloride as a label. Biomedical chromatography : BMC. 2001 Oct; 15(6):379-88. doi: 10.1002/bmc.85. [PMID: 11559922]
  • G A Bray. Drug treatment of obesity. Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders. 2001 Oct; 2(4):403-18. doi: 10.1023/a:1011808701117. [PMID: 11725727]
  • L Perchenet, L Hilfiger, J Mizrahi, O Clément-Chomienne. Effects of anorexinogen agents on cloned voltage-gated K(+) channel hKv1.5. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 2001 Sep; 298(3):1108-19. doi: . [PMID: 11504808]
  • M E Carr, S L Carr, E J Martin, B A Johnson. Rapid clot formation and abnormal fibrin structure in a symptomatic patient taking fenfluramine--a case report. Angiology. 2001 May; 52(5):361-6. doi: 10.1177/000331970105200511. [PMID: 11386389]
  • R B Rothman, M H Baumann, C M Dersch, D V Romero, K C Rice, F I Carroll, J S Partilla. Amphetamine-type central nervous system stimulants release norepinephrine more potently than they release dopamine and serotonin. Synapse (New York, N.Y.). 2001 Jan; 39(1):32-41. doi: 10.1002/1098-2396(20010101)39:1<32::aid-syn5>3.0.co;2-3. [PMID: 11071707]
  • T J Maher. Phentermine's effect on serotonin in plasma?. The American journal of cardiology. 2000 Oct; 86(7):810-1. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(00)01157-7. [PMID: 11054945]
  • R B Palmer, N H Kim, A Dasgupta. Simultaneous determination of fenfluramine and phentermine in urine using gas chromatography mass spectrometry with pentafluoropropionic anhydride derivatization. Therapeutic drug monitoring. 2000 Aug; 22(4):418-22. doi: 10.1097/00007691-200008000-00009. [PMID: 10942181]
  • J Hirsch, R M Mackintosh, L J Aronne. The effects of drugs used to treat obesity on the autonomic nervous system. Obesity research. 2000 May; 8(3):227-33. doi: 10.1038/oby.2000.26. [PMID: 10832765]
  • R B Rothman, J B Redmon, S K Raatz, C A Kwong, J E Swanson, J P Bantle. Chronic treatment with phentermine combined with fenfluramine lowers plasma serotonin. The American journal of cardiology. 2000 Apr; 85(7):913-5, A10. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(99)00896-6. [PMID: 10758942]
  • Z R Cordero-MacIntyre, T G Lohman, J Rosen, W Peters, R C España, B Dickinson, P M Reid, W H Howell, M L Fernandez. Weight loss is correlated with an improved lipoprotein profile in obese postmenopausal women. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 2000 Apr; 19(2):275-84. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2000.10718927. [PMID: 10763910]
  • N V Dhurandhar, R C Blank, D Schumacher, R L Atkinson. Initial weight loss as a predictor of response to obesity drugs. International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. 1999 Dec; 23(12):1333-6. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801111. [PMID: 10643693]
  • F L Greenway, D H Ryan, G A Bray, J C Rood, E W Tucker, S R Smith. Pharmaceutical cost savings of treating obesity with weight loss medications. Obesity research. 1999 Nov; 7(6):523-31. doi: 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1999.tb00709.x. [PMID: 10574509]
  • H J Jefferson, D R Jayne. Peripheral vasculopathy and nephropathy in association with phentermine. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. 1999 Jul; 14(7):1761-3. doi: 10.1093/ndt/14.7.1761. [PMID: 10435891]
  • J B Redmon, S K Raatz, C A Kwong, J E Swanson, W Thomas, J P Bantle. Pharmacologic induction of weight loss to treat type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care. 1999 Jun; 22(6):896-903. doi: 10.2337/diacare.22.6.896. [PMID: 10372238]
  • F H Wojnicki, R B Rothman, K C Rice, J R Glowa. Effects of phentermine on responding maintained under multiple fixed-ratio schedules of food and cocaine presentation in the rhesus monkey. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 1999 Feb; 288(2):550-60. doi: . [PMID: 9918558]
  • T J Maher, I H Ulus, R J Wurtman. Phentermine and other monoamine-oxidase inhibitors may increase plasma serotonin when given with fenfluramines. Lancet (London, England). 1999 Jan; 353(9146):38. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(05)74870-4. [PMID: 10023954]
  • P Jerie. [Cardiology in 1997]. Casopis lekaru ceskych. 1998 Oct; 137(19):585-9. doi: . [PMID: 9818470]
  • G S Markowitz, A Tartini, V D D'Agati. Acute interstitial nephritis following treatment with anorectic agents phentermine and phendimetrazine. Clinical nephrology. 1998 Oct; 50(4):252-4. doi: . [PMID: 9799071]
  • B Redmon, S Raatz, J P Bantle. Valvular heart disease associated with fenfluramine-phentermine. The New England journal of medicine. 1997 Dec; 337(24):1773-4; author reply 1775. doi: NULL. [PMID: 9411249]
  • J L Vanherweghem. Association of valvular heart disease with Chinese-herb nephropathy. Lancet (London, England). 1997 Dec; 350(9094):1858. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(05)63683-5. [PMID: 9428286]
  • T C Coyne. Phentermine--resin or salt--there are differences. Archives of internal medicine. 1997 Nov; 157(20):2381-2. doi: ". [PMID: 9361582]
  • R L Atkinson, R C Blank, D Schumacher, N V Dhurandhar, D L Ritch. Long-term drug treatment of obesity in a private practice setting. Obesity research. 1997 Nov; 5(6):578-86. doi: 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1997.tb00579.x. [PMID: 9449143]
  • R Meatherall. Rapid GC-MS confirmation of urinary amphetamine and methamphetamine as their propylchloroformate derivatives. Journal of analytical toxicology. 1995 Sep; 19(5):316-22. doi: 10.1093/jat/19.5.316. [PMID: 7500619]
  • M Khan, C T Lum, V Rao. Successful appetite suppression therapy with fenfluramine and phentermine in the obese diabetic transplant patient. Transplantation proceedings. 1995 Feb; 27(1):975-6. doi: NULL. [PMID: 7879251]
  • W C Thompson, A Dasgupta. Microwave-induced rapid preparation of fluoro-derivatives of amphetamine, methamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine for GC-MS confirmation assays. Clinical chemistry. 1994 Sep; 40(9):1703-6. doi: NULL. [PMID: 7915216]
  • G Groenewoud, R Schall, H K Hundt, F O Müller, M van Dyk. Steady-state pharmacokinetics of phentermine extended-release capsules. International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology. 1993 Aug; 31(8):368-72. doi: NULL. [PMID: 8225680]
  • M A Mori, H Uemura, M Kobayashi, T Miyahara, H Kozuka. Metabolism of phentermine and its derivatives in the male Wistar rat. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems. 1993 Jun; 23(6):709-16. doi: 10.3109/00498259309059408. [PMID: 8212744]
  • M Mori, M Kobayashi, H Uemura, T Miyahara, H Kozuka. Intestinal metabolism of mephentermine and its biliary metabolites in male Wistar rats. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems. 1992 Jun; 22(6):701-8. doi: 10.3109/00498259209053132. [PMID: 1441593]
  • M Weintraub, P R Sundaresan, B Schuster. Long-term weight control study. VII (weeks 0 to 210). Serum lipid changes. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 1992 May; 51(5):634-41. doi: 10.1038/clpt.1992.75. [PMID: 1587078]
  • A H Wu, T A Onigbinde, S S Wong, K G Johnson. Identification of methamphetamines and over-the-counter sympathometic amines by full-scan GC-ion trap MS with electron impact and chemical ionization. Journal of analytical toxicology. 1992 Mar; 16(2):137-41. doi: 10.1093/jat/16.2.137. [PMID: 1501464]
  • H J Helmlin, R Brenneisen. Determination of psychotropic phenylalkylamine derivatives in biological matrices by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection. Journal of chromatography. 1992 Feb; 593(1-2):87-94. doi: 10.1016/0021-9673(92)80271-u. [PMID: 1639916]
  • M A Mori, M Kobayashi, Y Yumoto, K Nakafuku, T Miyahara, H Kozuka. Metabolism of mephentermine in male guinea pigs and male mice. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems. 1991 Oct; 21(10):1301-9. doi: 10.3109/00498259109043205. [PMID: 1796607]
  • S R Binder, A K Adams, M Regalia, H Essien, R Rosenblum. Standardization of a multi-wavelength UV detector for liquid chromatography-based toxicological analysis. Journal of chromatography. 1991 Jul; 550(1-2):449-59. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)88555-1. [PMID: 1774229]
  • M A Mori, N Uy-Yu, K Sakai, M Inoue, T Miyahara, H Kozuka. Isolation of urinary p-hydroxylated metabolites of mephentermine and phentermine in male Wistar rats. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems. 1990 Jul; 20(7):653-6. doi: 10.3109/00498259009046881. [PMID: 2238700]
  • P A Coulombe, M Bendayan. Cytochemical demonstration of increased phospholipid content in cell membranes in chlorphentermine-induced phospholipidosis. The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society. 1989 Feb; 37(2):139-47. doi: 10.1177/37.2.2911004. [PMID: 2911004]
  • S M White, D B DeNicola, A H Rebar, G S Born, W V Kessler. Effects of chlorphentermine and nitrogen dioxide on murine alveolar macrophages. Experimental lung research. 1988; 14(5):619-36. doi: 10.3109/01902148809087833. [PMID: 2852102]
  • S Kacew. Cationic amphiphilic drug-induced renal cortical lysosomal phospholipidosis: an in vivo comparative study with gentamicin and chlorphentermine. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 1987 Dec; 91(3):469-76. doi: 10.1016/0041-008x(87)90068-8. [PMID: 3424375]
  • C A Heyneman, M J Reasor. Role of the alveolar macrophage in the induction of pulmonary phospholipidosis by chlorphentermine. I. Drug and phospholipid levels. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 1986 Jan; 236(1):55-9. doi: NULL. [PMID: 3941400]
  • F T Delbeke, M Debackere. The influence of diuretics on the excretion and metabolism of doping agents. II. Phentermine. Arzneimittel-Forschung. 1986; 36(1):134-7. doi: NULL. [PMID: 3954816]
  • J Y Ma, J K Ma, K C Weber. Fluorescence studies of the binding of amphiphilic amines with phospholipids. Journal of lipid research. 1985 Jun; 26(6):735-44. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)34331-5. [PMID: 4031652]
  • S Kacew, M J Reasor. Newborn response to cationic amphiphilic drugs. Federation proceedings. 1985 Apr; 44(7):2323-7. doi: . [PMID: 2579857]
  • M J Reasor, M E Davis. Prevention of chlorphentermine-induced pulmonary phospholipidosis in rats by phenobarbital. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 1985 Mar; 13(2):192-6. doi: . [PMID: 2859167]
  • D Dadgar, J Climax, R Lambe, A Darragh. Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of phentermine in human plasma following oral administration to healthy subjects. Journal of chromatography. 1985 Jan; 337(1):136-41. doi: 10.1016/0378-4347(85)80019-0. [PMID: 3980643]
  • S Kacew. Gentamicin or chlorphentermine induction of phospholipidosis in the developing organism: role of tissue and species in manifestation of toxicity. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 1985 Jan; 232(1):239-43. doi: . [PMID: 3965695]
  • B Levine, Y H Caplan, A M Dixon. A fatality involving phentermine. Journal of forensic sciences. 1984 Oct; 29(4):1242-5. doi: NULL. [PMID: 6502120]
  • M J Reasor. Phospholipidosis in the alveolar macrophage induced by cationic amphiphilic drugs. Federation proceedings. 1984 Aug; 43(11):2578-81. doi: . [PMID: 6745447]
  • E Bichler, M Anniko. Chlorphentermine-induced changes of the peripheral vestibular sense organ of the rat. Acta oto-laryngologica. 1983 Nov; 96(5-6):421-8. doi: 10.3109/00016488309132728. [PMID: 6138918]
  • C Gairola, D H Matulionis, M J Reasor. Chlorphentermine-induced alterations in the lungs of vitamin E-deficient and supplemented rats: 1. Biochemical and morphometric analysis of the pulmonary response. Experimental and molecular pathology. 1983 Jun; 38(3):368-79. doi: 10.1016/0014-4800(83)90076-x. [PMID: 6852209]
  • A Douglas, J G Douglas, C E Robertson, J F Munro. Plasma phentermine levels, weight loss and side-effects. International journal of obesity. 1983; 7(6):591-5. doi: . [PMID: 6654575]
  • L S Angevine, Y Ohmiya, H M Mehendale. Effect of chlorphentermine pretreatment on chlorphentermine uptake by isolated perfused rat lung. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 1982 Jan; 10(1):68-73. doi: . [PMID: 6124387]