Diacerein (BioDeep_00000230060)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00000178156

PANOMIX_OTCML-2023


代谢物信息卡片


2-anthracenecarboxylic acid, 4,5-bis(acetyloxy)-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-

化学式: C19H12O8 (368.0532152)
中文名称: 二乙酰大黄酸, 双醋瑞因, 达赛瑞英, 1,8-二乙酰基-3-羧基蒽醌
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Chinese Herbal Medicine(otcml) 18.48%

分子结构信息

SMILES: CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC2=C1C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=C(C=C3OC(=O)C)C(=O)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C19H12O8/c1-8(20)26-13-5-3-4-11-15(13)18(23)16-12(17(11)22)6-10(19(24)25)7-14(16)27-9(2)21/h3-7H,1-2H3,(H,24,25)

描述信息

4,5-diacetyloxy-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracenecarboxylic acid is an anthraquinone.
Diacerein is a prodrug which is metabolized to rhein. It is currently approved in France for the treatment of osteoarthritis although the use of diacerein is restricted due to the side effects including severe diarrhea. Diacerein is under investigation for the treatment of Insulin Resistance, Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2), and Diabetes-Related Complications.
M - Musculo-skeletal system > M01 - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products > M01A - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids
COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials
C78281 - Agent Affecting Musculoskeletal System
D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Corona-virus
Coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
SARS-CoV
COVID19
SARS2
SARS
Diacerein (Diacerhein), a interleukin-1 beta inhibitor, is a slow-acting medicine of the class anthraquinone used to treat joint diseases.
Diacerein (Diacerhein), a interleukin-1 beta inhibitor, is a slow-acting medicine of the class anthraquinone used to treat joint diseases.

同义名列表

73 个代谢物同义名

2-anthracenecarboxylic acid, 4,5-bis(acetyloxy)-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-; 4,5-bis(acetyloxy)-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-carboxylic acid; 4,5-bis(acetyloxy)-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracenecarboxylic acid; 4,5-bis(acetoxy)-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracenecarboxylic acid; 4,5-diacetyloxy-9,10-bis(oxidanylidene)anthracene-2-carboxylic acid; 2-ANTHROIC ACID, 9,10-DIHYDRO-4,5-DIHYDROXY-9,10-DIOXO-, DIACETATE; 4,5-diacetoxy-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxylic acid; 4,5-diacetoxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-carboxylic acid; 9,10-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-2-anthroic acid, diacetate; 9,10-Dihydro-4,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-2-anthroic acid diacetate; 9,10-Dihydro-4,5-diacetoxy-9,10-2-anthracenecarboxylic acid; 4,5-Diacetoxy-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-2-anthrylcarbonsaeure; Diacerein, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard; 4,5-diacetyloxy-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxylic acid; 4,5-diacetyloxy-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracenecarboxylic acid; 4,5-diacetoxy-9,10-diketo-anthracene-2-carboxylic acid; 4,5-diacetoxy-9,10-dioxo-anthracene-2-carboxylic acid; 4,5-diacetoxyanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid; 1,8-Diacetoxyanthraquinone-3-carboxylic acid; 3-10-00-04790 (Beilstein Handbook Reference); 1,8-diacetoxy-3-carboxyanthraquinone; TYNLGDBUJLVSMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N; Diacerein impurity mixture; Diacerhein; Diacetylrhein; Diacerein, >=95\\% (HPLC); DIACEREIN [EP MONOGRAPH]; RHEIN DIACETATE [MI]; Diacerein (USAN/INN); Diacerein [USAN:INN]; Diacereina [Spanish]; Diacereine [French]; Diacereinum [Latin]; DIACEREIN [WHO-DD]; 4,5-Diacetylrhein; DIACEREIN [MART.]; Rhein, diacetate; DIACEREIN [USAN]; Spectrum5_001819; Spectrum4_001036; Diacerein- Bio-X; Spectrum3_000937; Spectrum2_000823; UNII-4HU6J11EL5; Diacerein [INN]; rhein diacetate; diacetyl-rhein; Tox21_110856_1; DIACEREIN [MI]; diacetylrhein; DivK1c_006739; Tox21_110856; KBio3_001974; Gesamtmatrix; KBio2_004963; KBio1_001683; KBio2_007531; KBio2_002395; Zondar (TN); Diacereinum; Diacereine; Diacereina; 4HU6J11EL5; diacerhein; Diacerein; Fisiodar; DIACERIN; M-01AX21; Verboril; Artrodar; M01AX21; Zondar; ART 50; Diora



数据库引用编号

15 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

1 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Nagwa Salah Youssef, Asmaa Samir Elzaitony, Nayira A Abdel Baky. Diacerein attenuate LPS-induced acute lung injury via inhibiting ER stress and apoptosis: Impact on the crosstalk between SphK1/S1P, TLR4/NFκB/STAT3, and NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathways. Life sciences. 2022 Nov; 308(?):120915. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120915. [PMID: 36055546]
  • Gellan Alaa Mohamed Kamel, Eman Harahsheh, Shaimaa Hussein. Diacerein ameliorates acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in rats via inhibiting HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB and upregulating PPAR-γ signal. Molecular biology reports. 2022 Jul; 49(7):5863-5874. doi: 10.1007/s11033-022-07366-5. [PMID: 35366176]
  • Yasmine F Ibrahim, Mohammed Alorabi, Walaa Yehia Abdelzaher, Nisreen Dm Toni, Khaled Thabet, AbdelRahman Hegazy, Haitham Ahmed Bahaa, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Nermeen N Welson, Mohamed A Morsy, Katharigatta N Venugopala, Asmaa Mohamed Abdel-Aziz. Diacerein ameliorates letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in rats. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2022 May; 149(?):112870. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112870. [PMID: 35367769]
  • Jintanan Jangsiripornpakorn, Sasima Srisuk, Laor Chailurkit, Hataikarn Nimitphong, Sunee Saetung, Boonsong Ongphiphadhanakul. The glucose-lowering effect of low-dose diacerein and its responsiveness metabolic markers in uncontrolled diabetes. BMC research notes. 2022 Mar; 15(1):91. doi: 10.1186/s13104-022-05974-9. [PMID: 35246243]
  • Marwa M M Refaie, Maram El-Hussieny, Wedad M Abdelraheem. Diacerein ameliorates induced polycystic ovary in female rats via modulation of inflammasome/caspase1/IL1β and Bax/Bcl2 pathways. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology. 2022 03; 395(3):295-304. doi: 10.1007/s00210-021-02175-2. [PMID: 34994825]
  • Mahmoud M Samaha, Manar G Helal, Mohamed El-Sherbiny, Eman Said, Hatem A Salem. Diacerein versus adipoRon as adiponectin modulators in experimentally-induced end-stage type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats. Environmental toxicology and pharmacology. 2022 Feb; 90(?):103806. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103806. [PMID: 34974166]
  • Mohamed El-Sherbiny, Mohamed El-Shafey, Mosaab Salah El-Din El-Agawy, Abdelaty Shawky Mohamed, Nada H Eisa, Nehal M Elsherbiny. Diacerein ameliorates testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats: Effect on oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. International immunopharmacology. 2021 Nov; 100(?):108082. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108082. [PMID: 34450401]
  • Manal A Abdel-Aziz, Helmy M S Ahmed, Aziza A El-Nekeety, Hafiza A Sharaf, Sekena H Abdel-Aziem, Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab. Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles for the treatment of osteoarthritis alone or in combination with Diacerein® in a rat model. Inflammopharmacology. 2021 Jun; 29(3):705-719. doi: 10.1007/s10787-021-00833-8. [PMID: 34117571]
  • Mark J Henderson, Kathleen A Trychta, Shyh-Ming Yang, Susanne Bäck, Adam Yasgar, Emily S Wires, Carina Danchik, Xiaokang Yan, Hideaki Yano, Lei Shi, Kuo-Jen Wu, Amy Q Wang, Dingyin Tao, Gergely Zahoránszky-Kőhalmi, Xin Hu, Xin Xu, David Maloney, Alexey V Zakharov, Ganesha Rai, Fumihiko Urano, Mikko Airavaara, Oksana Gavrilova, Ajit Jadhav, Yun Wang, Anton Simeonov, Brandon K Harvey. A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome. Cell reports. 2021 04; 35(4):109040. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109040. [PMID: 33910017]
  • Boon Hooi Tan, Nafees Ahemad, Yan Pan, Uma Devi Palanisamy, Iekhsan Othman, Chin Eng Ong. In vitro inhibitory effects of glucosamine, chondroitin and diacerein on human hepatic CYP2D6. Drug metabolism and personalized therapy. 2021 04; 36(4):259-270. doi: 10.1515/dmpt-2020-0182. [PMID: 34821124]
  • Mohamed Abdellah Ibrahim, Walaa Yehia Abdelzaher, Yasmine F Ibrahim, Amira F Ahmed, Nermeen N Welson, Sarah Al-Rashed, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Asmaa Mohamed Abdel-Aziz. Diacerein protects rats with liver ischemia/reperfusion damage: Down-regulation of TLR4/ NFκ-B signaling pathway. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2021 Feb; 134(?):111063. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111063. [PMID: 33348310]
  • Shahinaze A Fouad, Fady A Malaak, Mohamed A El-Nabarawi, Khalid Abu Zeid, Amira M Ghoneim. Preparation of solid dispersion systems for enhanced dissolution of poorly water soluble diacerein: In-vitro evaluation, optimization and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. PloS one. 2021; 16(1):e0245482. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245482. [PMID: 33471832]
  • Hassan Shah, Asadullah Madni, Muhammad Abdur Rahim, Nasrullah Jan, Arshad Khan, Safiullah Khan, Abdul Jabar, Ahsan Ali. Fabrication, in vitro and ex vivo evaluation of proliposomes and liposomal derived gel for enhanced solubility and permeability of diacerein. PloS one. 2021; 16(10):e0258141. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258141. [PMID: 34665836]
  • Pedro Gonçalves de Oliveira, Lara Termini, Edison Luiz Durigon, Ana Paula Lepique, Andrei C Sposito, Enrique Boccardo. Diacerein: A potential multi-target therapeutic drug for COVID-19. Medical hypotheses. 2020 Nov; 144(?):109920. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109920. [PMID: 32534337]
  • Maged Almezgagi, Yu Zhang, Kamal Hezam, Emad Shamsan, Mohammed Gamah, Fadhl Al-Shaebi, Abdul Baset Abbas, Muhammad Shoaib, Bassam Saif, Ying Han, Ruhan Jia, Wei Zhang. Diacerein: Recent insight into pharmacological activities and molecular pathways. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2020 Nov; 131(?):110594. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110594. [PMID: 32858499]
  • Daniele Piomelli, Laura Scalvini, Yannick Fotio, Alessio Lodola, Gilberto Spadoni, Giorgio Tarzia, Marco Mor. N-Acylethanolamine Acid Amidase (NAAA): Structure, Function, and Inhibition. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 2020 07; 63(14):7475-7490. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00191. [PMID: 32191459]
  • Jae Hyun Jung, Sung Eun Kim, Hak-Jun Kim, Kyeongsoon Park, Gwan Gyu Song, Sung Jae Choi. A comparative pilot study of oral diacerein and locally treated diacerein-loaded nanoparticles in a model of osteoarthritis. International journal of pharmaceutics. 2020 May; 581(?):119249. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119249. [PMID: 32217157]
  • Shizhe Guo, Xianshan Guo, Hongya Zhang, Xuan'e Zhang, Zhen Li. The Effect of Diacerein on Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials with Trial Sequential Analysis. Journal of diabetes research. 2020; 2020(?):2593792. doi: 10.1155/2020/2593792. [PMID: 32104712]
  • Tobie D Lee, Olivia W Lee, Kyle R Brimacombe, Lu Chen, Rajarshi Guha, Sabrina Lusvarghi, Bethilehem G Tebase, Carleen Klumpp-Thomas, Robert W Robey, Suresh V Ambudkar, Min Shen, Michael M Gottesman, Matthew D Hall. A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Molecular pharmacology. 2019 11; 96(5):629-640. doi: 10.1124/mol.119.115964. [PMID: 31515284]
  • Rania Nagi Abd-Ellatif, Islam Ibrahim Hegab, Marwa Mohamed Atef, Mona Tayssir Sadek, Yasser Mostafa Hafez. Diacerein protects against glycerol-induced acute kidney injury: Modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and necroptosis. Chemico-biological interactions. 2019 Jun; 306(?):47-53. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.04.008. [PMID: 30974099]
  • Germain Honvo, Jean-Yves Reginster, Véronique Rabenda, Anton Geerinck, Ouafa Mkinsi, Alexia Charles, Rene Rizzoli, Cyrus Cooper, Bernard Avouac, Olivier Bruyère. Safety of Symptomatic Slow-Acting Drugs for Osteoarthritis: Outcomes of a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Drugs & aging. 2019 04; 36(Suppl 1):65-99. doi: 10.1007/s40266-019-00662-z. [PMID: 31073924]
  • Diana E Aziz, Aly A Abdelbary, Abdelhalim I Elassasy. Investigating superiority of novel bilosomes over niosomes in the transdermal delivery of diacerein: in vitro characterization, ex vivo permeation and in vivo skin deposition study. Journal of liposome research. 2019 Mar; 29(1):73-85. doi: 10.1080/08982104.2018.1430831. [PMID: 29355060]
  • Michael Ablinger, Thomas K Felder, Monika Wimmer, Roland Zauner, Peter Hofbauer, Thomas Lettner, Martin Wolkersdorfer, Florian B Lagler, Anja Diem, Johann W Bauer, Verena Wally. Basal pharmacokinetic parameters of topically applied diacerein in pediatric patients with generalized severe epidermolysis bullosa simplex. Orphanet journal of rare diseases. 2018 11; 13(1):193. doi: 10.1186/s13023-018-0940-1. [PMID: 30382914]
  • Mohamed Ahmed Naseef, Howida Kamal Ibrahim, Samia Abd El-Kader Nour. Solid Form of Lipid-Based Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems for Minimization of Diacerein Adverse Effects: Development and Bioequivalence Evaluation in Albino Rabbits. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2018 Oct; 19(7):3097-3109. doi: 10.1208/s12249-018-1138-5. [PMID: 30109675]
  • Seham A Abdel-Gaber, Rehab K Mohammed, Marwa M M Refaie. Mechanism mediating the protective effect of diacerein in ischemia-reperfusion-induced testicular injury in rats. Life sciences. 2018 Sep; 209(?):57-62. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.07.060. [PMID: 30076921]
  • Nuttawud Chueakula, Krit Jaikumkao, Phatchawan Arjinajarn, Anchalee Pongchaidecha, Varanuj Chatsudthipong, Nipon Chattipakorn, Anusorn Lungkaphin. Diacerein alleviates kidney injury through attenuating inflammation and oxidative stress in obese insulin-resistant rats. Free radical biology & medicine. 2018 02; 115(?):146-155. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.021. [PMID: 29195834]
  • Diana Edwar Aziz, Aly Ahmed Abdelbary, Abdelhalim Ibrahim Elassasy. Implementing Central Composite Design for Developing Transdermal Diacerein-Loaded Niosomes: Ex vivo Permeation and In vivo Deposition. Current drug delivery. 2018; 15(9):1330-1342. doi: 10.2174/1567201815666180619105419. [PMID: 29921206]
  • Guangzhe Yu, Qian Liu, Xuening Dong, Kaihong Tang, Bohui Li, Chunmei Liu, Wenzheng Zhang, Yiduo Wang, Yingyu Jin. Inhibition of inflammation using diacerein markedly improved renal function in endotoxemic acute kidney injured mice. Cellular & molecular biology letters. 2018; 23(?):38. doi: 10.1186/s11658-018-0107-z. [PMID: 30140293]
  • Marwa M M Refaie, Maram El-Hussieny. Diacerein inhibits Estradiol-benzoate induced cervical hyperkeratosis in female rats. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2017 Nov; 95(?):223-229. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.053. [PMID: 28843910]
  • Marwa M M Refaie, Maram El-Hussieny. The role of interleukin-1b and its antagonist (diacerein) in estradiol benzoate-induced endometrial hyperplasia and atypia in female rats. Fundamental & clinical pharmacology. 2017 Aug; 31(4):438-446. doi: 10.1111/fcp.12285. [PMID: 28299811]
  • Yi-Kai Yu, Fei Yu, Cong Ye, Gui-Fen Shen, Xiao-Mei Lei, Sheng-Tao Zhang, Shao-Xian Hu. Combination Therapies of Diacerein and Febuxostat Inhibit IL-1β Responses and Improve Clinical Symptoms in Patients With Refractory Gout. American journal of therapeutics. 2017 May; 24(3):e290-e297. doi: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000000284. [PMID: 26035033]
  • Miriam Méndez-Del Villar, Esperanza Martínez-Abundis, Rafael O Preciado-Márquez, Manuel González-Ortiz. Effect of diacerein as an add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and inadequate glycemic control. Archives of endocrinology and metabolism. 2017 Mar; 61(2):188-192. doi: 10.1590/2359-3997000000242. [PMID: 28225996]
  • Rafael Dias Mâncio, Túlio de Almeida Hermes, Aline Barbosa Macedo, Daniela Sayuri Mizobuti, Ian Feller Rupcic, Elaine Minatel. Dystrophic phenotype improvement in the diaphragm muscle of mdx mice by diacerhein. PloS one. 2017; 12(8):e0182449. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182449. [PMID: 28787441]
  • Fabiana Piovesan, Glaucia S Tres, Leila B Moreira, Michael E Andrades, Hugo K Lisboa, Sandra C Fuchs. Effect of diacerein on renal function and inflammatory cytokines in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease: A randomized controlled trial. PloS one. 2017; 12(10):e0186554. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186554. [PMID: 29049415]
  • Ibrahim Javed, Syed Zajif Hussain, Atif Shahzad, Jahanzeb Muhammad Khan, Habib Ur-Rehman, Mubashar Rehman, Faisal Usman, Muhammad Tahir Razi, Muhammad Raza Shah, Irshad Hussain. Lecithin-gold hybrid nanocarriers as efficient and pH selective vehicles for oral delivery of diacerein-In-vitro and in-vivo study. Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces. 2016 May; 141(?):1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.01.022. [PMID: 26816348]
  • Sagar D Mandawgade, Swati Kulkarni, Arindam Pal, Saurabh Srivastava, Bijay K Padhi, Rajeev S Raghuvanshi. Development and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of New Oral Formulations of Diacerein. Current drug delivery. 2016; 13(1):83-9. doi: 10.2174/1567201812666150713104031. [PMID: 26166151]
  • Lubica Cibickova, Tomas Caran, Martin Dobias, Peter Ondra, Viktor Vorisek, Norbert Cibicek. Multi-drug intoxication fatality involving atorvastatin: A case report. Forensic science international. 2015 Dec; 257(?):e26-e31. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.09.020. [PMID: 26508377]
  • Mubashar Rehman, Asadullah Madni, Ayesha Ihsan, Waheed Samraiz Khan, Muhammad Imran Khan, Muhammad Ahmad Mahmood, Muhammad Ashfaq, Sadia Zafar Bajwa, Imran Shakir. Solid and liquid lipid-based binary solid lipid nanoparticles of diacerein: in vitro evaluation of sustained release, simultaneous loading of gold nanoparticles, and potential thermoresponsive behavior. International journal of nanomedicine. 2015; 10(?):2805-14. doi: 10.2147/ijn.s67147. [PMID: 25897224]
  • N V Voronina, N P Slutskaya, O I Markina, L P Kovalskaya, T B Agievich, D D Gelmutdinov, A V Bushina. [Treatment for knee osteoarthritis in patients with oxalate nephropathy]. Terapevticheskii arkhiv. 2015; 87(4):62-68. doi: 10.17116/terarkh201587462-68. [PMID: 26087637]
  • I A Starodubtseva, L V Vasilieva, A V Nikitin. [Correction of an inflammatory process with an interleukin-1 inhibitor in the combination treatment of secondary osteoarthritis in the presence of comorbid condition]. Terapevticheskii arkhiv. 2015; 87(12):41-48. doi: 10.17116/terarkh2015871241-48. [PMID: 26978417]
  • Achint Jain, Sandeep Kumar Mishra, Parameswara Rao Vuddanda, Sanjay Kumar Singh, Royana Singh, Sanjay Singh. Targeting of diacerein loaded lipid nanoparticles to intra-articular cartilage using chondroitin sulfate as homing carrier for treatment of osteoarthritis in rats. Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine. 2014 Jul; 10(5):1031-40. doi: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.01.008. [PMID: 24512762]
  • Suneela Dhaneshwar, Dipmala Patil. Chondromodulating chimeric prodrugs of diacetylrhein: synthesis and evaluation in monoiodoacetate-induced hyperalgesia. Medicinal chemistry (Shariqah (United Arab Emirates)). 2013 May; 9(3):449-58. doi: 10.2174/1573406411309030015. [PMID: 22920092]
  • Achint Jain, Sanjay Kumar Singh, Yuvraj Singh, Sanjay Singh. Development of lipid nanoparticles of diacerein, an antiosteoarthritic drug for enhancement in bioavailability and reduction in its side effects. Journal of biomedical nanotechnology. 2013 May; 9(5):891-900. doi: 10.1166/jbn.2013.1580. [PMID: 23802421]
  • Kichul Shin, Joon Wan Kim, Ki Won Moon, Ji Ae Yang, Eun Yeong Lee, Yeong Wook Song, Eun Bong Lee. The efficacy of diacerein in hand osteoarthritis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Clinical therapeutics. 2013 Apr; 35(4):431-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.02.009. [PMID: 23474153]
  • Nasir Idkaidek, Tawfiq Arafat. Saliva versus plasma pharmacokinetics: theory and application of a salivary excretion classification system. Molecular pharmaceutics. 2012 Aug; 9(8):2358-63. doi: 10.1021/mp300250r. [PMID: 22784220]
  • Fan-Sheng Wang, Qi-Fu Wu, Jing-Min Qi. [Clinical study of Qianggu granule and diacerein capsule in treating knee osteoarthritis]. Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine. 2012 Jun; 32(6):779-81, 792. doi: ". [PMID: 22978102]
  • Ge Gao, Hong Wu, Jing Tian, Jinfeng Du, Xi Xie, Jiesheng Gao. [Clinical efficacy of bushen huoxue qubi decoction on treatment of knee-osteoarthritis and its effect on hemarheology, anti-inflammation and antioxidation]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2012 Feb; 37(3):390-6. doi: 10.4268/cjcmm20120328. [PMID: 22568247]
  • Ali Mobasheri, Yves Henrotin, Hans-Konrad Biesalski, Mehdi Shakibaei. Scientific evidence and rationale for the development of curcumin and resveratrol as nutraceutricals for joint health. International journal of molecular sciences. 2012; 13(4):4202-4232. doi: 10.3390/ijms13044202. [PMID: 22605974]
  • Kristine L Stump, Lily D Lu, Pawel Dobrzanski, Cynthia Serdikoff, Diane E Gingrich, Ben J Dugan, Thelma S Angeles, Mark S Albom, Mark A Ator, Bruce D Dorsey, Bruce A Ruggeri, Matthew M Seavey. A highly selective, orally active inhibitor of Janus kinase 2, CEP-33779, ablates disease in two mouse models of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis research & therapy. 2011 Apr; 13(2):R68. doi: 10.1186/ar3329. [PMID: 21510883]
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