Cysteine hydrochloride (BioDeep_00000228189)

   

human metabolite


代谢物信息卡片


2-Amino-3-sulphanylpropanoic acid hydrochloride

化学式: C3H8ClNO2S (156.9964258)
中文名称:
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 () 0%

分子结构信息

SMILES: Cl.NC(CS)C(O)=O
InChI: 1H

描述信息

Dietary supplement, nutrient. Dough conditioner. Cysteine (abbreviated as Cys or C) is an ?-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH2SH. It is a non-essential amino acid, which means that it is biosynthesized in humans. Its codons are UGU and UGC. The side chain on cysteine is thiol, which is nonpolar and thus cysteine is usually classified as a hydrophobic amino acid. The thiol side chain often participates in enzymatic reactions, serving as a nucleophile. The thiol is susceptible to oxidization to give the disulfide derivative cystine, which serves an important structural role in many proteins. Cysteine is named after cystine.; Cysteine is a very popular target for site-directed labeling experiments to investigate biomolecular structure and dynamics. Maleimides will selectively attach to cysteine using a covalent Michael addition. Site-directed spin labeling for EPR or paramagnetic relaxation enhanced NMR also uses cysteine extensively.; Cysteine is an important source of sulfide in human metabolism. The sulfide in iron-sulfur clusters and in nitrogenase is extracted from cysteine, which is converted to alanine in the process.; Cysteine is required by sheep in order to produce wool: it is an essential amino acid which must be taken in as food from grass. As a consequence, during drought conditions, sheep stop producing wool; however, transgenic sheep which can make their own cysteine have been developed.[citation needed]; Cysteine, mainly the L-enantiomer, is a precursor in the food, pharmaceutical, and personal care industries. One of the largest applications is the production of flavors. For example, the reaction of cysteine with sugars in a Maillard reaction yields meat flavors. L-cysteine is also used as a processing aid for baking. Small quantities (in the tens of ppm range) help to soften the dough and thus reduce processing time. http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/foodic.html; High levels of Cysteine, due to its reducing capacity, have been shown to inactivate insulin under certain conditions. This is because insulin contains three disulfide bonds, one of which can be reduced by cysteine. If this happens, insulin looses its characteristic structure and thus looses functionality. During a hypoglycemia attack (where there is too much insulin in the blood causing an unsafe drop in blood sugar) Cysteine can be used to inactivate insulin, allowing blood sugar levels to normalize. In some cases, the use of Thiamine, vitamin C, and Cysteine have been successful in treating severe cases of hypoglycemia. Additionally, due to its interaction with insulin, diabetics should avoid supplements or medications that contain cysteine or have the potential to increase cysteine levels.; In a 1994 report released by five top cigarette companies, cysteine is one of the 599 additives to cigarettes. Like most cigarette additives, however, its use or purpose is unknown. Its inclusion in cigarettes could offer two benefits: Acting as an expectorant, since smoking increases mucus production in the lungs; and increasing the beneficial antioxidant glutathione (which is diminished in smokers).; N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) is a derivative of cysteine wherein an acetyl group is attached to the nitrogen atom. This compound is sometimes considered as a dietary supplement, although it is not an ideal source since it is catabolized in the gut.[citation needed] NAC is often used as a cough medicine because it breaks up the disulfide bonds in the mucus and thus liquefies it, making it easier to cough up. It is also this action of breaking disulfide bonds that makes it useful in thinning the abnormally thick mucus in Cystic Fibrosis patients. NAC is also used as a specific antidote in cases of acetaminophen overdose.; Oxidation of cysteine produces the disulfide cystine. More aggressive oxidants convert cysteine to the corresponding sulfinic acid and sulfonic acid. Cysteine residues play a valuable role by crosslinking proteins, which increases the prot...
Dietary supplement, nutrient. Dough conditioner

同义名列表

11 个代谢物同义名

2-Amino-3-sulphanylpropanoic acid hydrochloride; 2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid hydrochloride; 2-Amino-3-sulphanylpropanoate hydrochloride; 2-Amino-3-sulfanylpropanoate hydrochloride; Cysteine hydrochloride; Zinc cysteinate; Half cystine; Half-cystine; L Cysteine; L-cysteine; Cysteine



数据库引用编号

3 个数据库交叉引用编号

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相关代谢途径

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代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

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PlantCyc(0)

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2 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有:

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息,我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表,这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序,取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘,得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序,取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
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