clonidine (BioDeep_00000016557)
代谢物信息卡片
化学式: C9H9Cl2N3 (229.0173494)
中文名称: 可乐定
谱图信息:
最多检出来源 () 0%
分子结构信息
SMILES: C1CN=C(N1)NC2=C(C=CC=C2Cl)Cl
InChI: InChI=1S/C9H9Cl2N3/c10-6-2-1-3-7(11)8(6)14-9-12-4-5-13-9/h1-3H,4-5H2,(H2,12,13,14)
描述信息
C - Cardiovascular system > C02 - Antihypertensives > C02A - Antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting > C02AC - Imidazoline receptor agonists
S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01EA - Sympathomimetics in glaucoma therapy
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D013565 - Sympatholytics
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29747 - Adrenergic Agent > C87053 - Adrenergic Agonist
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents
N - Nervous system > N02 - Analgesics > N02C - Antimigraine preparations
D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics
COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank
Corona-virus
Coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
SARS-CoV
COVID19
SARS2
SARS
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2720
INTERNAL_ID 2720; CONFIDENCE standard compound
KEIO_ID C191
Clonidine is an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist[1].
同义名列表
数据库引用编号
32 个数据库交叉引用编号
- ChEBI: CHEBI:46631
- ChEBI: CHEBI:46632
- ChEBI: CHEBI:3757
- KEGG: C06920
- KEGGdrug: D00281
- PubChem: 2803
- PubChem: 9137
- Metlin: METLIN1889
- DrugBank: DB00575
- ChEMBL: CHEMBL134
- MeSH: Clonidine
- CAS: 4205-90-7
- MoNA: AU272006
- MoNA: AU272005
- MoNA: AU272004
- MoNA: AU272003
- MoNA: AU272002
- MoNA: AU272001
- MoNA: WA001301
- MoNA: WA001300
- MoNA: WA001299
- MoNA: WA001298
- MoNA: WA001297
- MoNA: FiehnHILIC001844
- MoNA: FiehnHILIC000270
- MoNA: KO002629
- MoNA: KO008912
- MoNA: KO002627
- MoNA: KO002631
- MoNA: KO002630
- MoNA: KO002628
- medchemexpress: HY-12721
分类词条
相关代谢途径
Reactome(0)
BioCyc(0)
PlantCyc(0)
代谢反应
0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。
Reactome(0)
BioCyc(0)
WikiPathways(0)
Plant Reactome(0)
INOH(0)
PlantCyc(0)
COVID-19 Disease Map(0)
PathBank(0)
PharmGKB(0)
0 个相关的物种来源信息
在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有:
- PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息,我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表,这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序,取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
- NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘,得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序,取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
- Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
- Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中,存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。
点击图上的相关代谢物的名称,可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。
文献列表
- Xingyu Su, Fan Lu, Yihua Chen, Miao Wang, Guoqing Tang, Wan Lin, Yingwen Liu, Huadong Wang, Haiyan Yin, Yiyang Wang. α2-Adrenoreceptor antagonist ameliorates sepsis-associated pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing norepinephrine-mediated fibroblast differentiation via inhibiting PKC activation.
Shock (Augusta, Ga.).
2023 Oct; ?(?):. doi:
10.1097/shk.0000000000002240
. [PMID: 37878498] - Jing Chen, Juan Zhang, Dan-Dan Yang, Zi-Cheng Li, Bo Zhao, Yue Chen, Zhi He. Clonidine ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by up-regulating the GluN3 subunits of NMDA receptor.
Metabolic brain disease.
2022 08; 37(6):1829-1841. doi:
10.1007/s11011-022-01028-y
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Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals.
2022 07; 50(7):957-967. doi:
10.1124/dmd.121.000818
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Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979).
2022 06; 79(6):1257-1264. doi:
10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19019
. [PMID: 35378989] - Jonathan Hanna, Lama Ghazi, Yu Yamamoto, Michael Simonov, Tayyab Shah, Francis P Wilson, Aldo J Peixoto. Excessive Blood Pressure Response to Clonidine in Hospitalized Patients With Asymptomatic Severe Hypertension.
American journal of hypertension.
2022 05; 35(5):433-440. doi:
10.1093/ajh/hpac004
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The American journal of emergency medicine.
2022 05; 55(?):147-151. doi:
10.1016/j.ajem.2022.03.008
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Revista Brasileira de terapia intensiva.
2022; 33(4):600-615. doi:
10.5935/0103-507x.20210087
. [PMID: 35081245] - Constance Guille, Courtney King, Viswanathan Ramakrishnan, Nathaniel Baker, Bernadette Cortese, Lisa Nunn, Taylor Rogers, Aimee McRae-Clark, Kathleen Brady. The impact of lofexidine on stress-related opioid craving and relapse: Design and methodology of a randomized clinical trial.
Contemporary clinical trials.
2021 12; 111(?):106616. doi:
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European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences.
2021 Oct; 165(?):105920. doi:
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Journal of medical case reports.
2021 May; 15(1):250. doi:
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Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB.
2021 May; 162(?):716-729. doi:
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Cell reports.
2021 04; 35(4):109040. doi:
10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109040
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Drug development and industrial pharmacy.
2021 Mar; 47(3):394-402. doi:
10.1080/03639045.2021.1890110
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Neuroscience.
2021 02; 455(?):177-194. doi:
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Medical hypotheses.
2020 Nov; 144(?):110039. doi:
10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110039
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Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.).
2020 10; 22(10):1924-1931. doi:
10.1111/jch.14014
. [PMID: 32882089] - Fabrice Petitjeans, Jean-Yves Martinez, Marc Danguy des Déserts, Sandrine Leroy, Luc Quintin, Jacques Escarment. A Centrally Acting Antihypertensive, Clonidine, Sedates Patients Presenting With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Evoked by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2.
Critical care medicine.
2020 10; 48(10):e991-e993. doi:
10.1097/ccm.0000000000004503
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Shock (Augusta, Ga.).
2020 10; 54(4):482-487. doi:
10.1097/shk.0000000000001506
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International journal of molecular sciences.
2020 Sep; 21(18):. doi:
10.3390/ijms21186871
. [PMID: 32961667] - Haitham AlRabiah, Sabry M Attia, Nasser S Al-Shakliah, Gamal A E Mostafa. Development and Validation of an HPLC-UV Detection Assay for the Determination of Clonidine in Mouse Plasma and Its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland).
2020 Sep; 25(18):. doi:
10.3390/molecules25184109
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Neonatal network : NN.
2020 08; 39(5):306-311. doi:
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British journal of clinical pharmacology.
2020 08; 86(8):1620-1631. doi:
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. [PMID: 32150285] - Bhuvanenthiran Mutharani, Palraj Ranganathan, Tse-Wei Chen, Shen-Ming Chen, Jeyaraj Vinoth Kumar. Thermoreversible Switchlike Electrocatalytic Reduction of Tizanidine Based on a Graphene Oxide Tethered Stimuli-Responsive Smart Surface Supported Pd Catalyst.
Analytical chemistry.
2020 07; 92(13):8965-8973. doi:
10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00958
. [PMID: 32436691] - Weijiang Zhang, Christine McIntyre, Todd Riehl, Harper Forbes, Enric Bertran, Hye Jin Choi, Dae Ho Lee, Jeeyun Lee. Effect of Vemurafenib on the Pharmacokinetics of a Single Dose of Tizanidine (a CYP1A2 Substrate) in Patients With BRAFV600 Mutation-Positive Malignancies.
Clinical pharmacology in drug development.
2020 07; 9(5):651-658. doi:
10.1002/cpdd.788
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Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.).
2020; 2059(?):239-258. doi:
10.1007/978-1-4939-9798-5_13
. [PMID: 31435926] - Michael Doumas, Konstantinos P Imprialos, Manolis S Kallistratos, Athanasios J Manolis. Recent advances in understanding and managing resistant/refractory hypertension.
F1000Research.
2020; 9(?):. doi:
10.12688/f1000research.21669.1
. [PMID: 32201574] - Xuan Zou, Yang Wang, Yuheng Wang, Junting Yang, Huishu Guo, Zhengxu Cai. Paeoniflorin Alleviates Abnormalities in Rats with Functional Dyspepsia by Stimulating the Release of Acetylcholine.
Drug design, development and therapy.
2020; 14(?):5623-5632. doi:
10.2147/dddt.s260703
. [PMID: 33376306] - Huub L A van den Oever, Marieke Zeeman, Polina Nassikovker, Carmen Bles, Fred A L van Steveninck, Arthur R de Meijer, Arriette Kruisdijk-Gerritsen, Maurits Arbouw. In vivo Elimination of Clonidine by Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration in Critically Ill Patients.
Blood purification.
2020; 49(5):622-626. doi:
10.1159/000505610
. [PMID: 31962323] - Gretchen Hermes, Scott M Hyman, Nia Fogelman, Thomas R Kosten, Rajita Sinha. Lofexidine in Combination With Oral Naltrexone for Opioid Use Disorder Relapse Prevention: A Pilot Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.
The American journal on addictions.
2019 11; 28(6):480-488. doi:
10.1111/ajad.12942
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Molecular pharmacology.
2019 11; 96(5):629-640. doi:
10.1124/mol.119.115964
. [PMID: 31515284] - Zhipei Sang, Keren Wang, Pengfei Zhang, Jian Shi, Wenmin Liu, Zhenghuai Tan. Design, synthesis, in-silico and biological evaluation of novel chalcone derivatives as multi-function agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
European journal of medicinal chemistry.
2019 Oct; 180(?):238-252. doi:
10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.021
. [PMID: 31310916] - John C Hayden, Maddlie Bardol, Dermot R Doherty, Ian Dawkins, Martina Healy, Cormac V Breatnach, Paul J Gallagher, Gráinne Cousins, Joseph F Standing. Optimizing clonidine dosage for sedation in mechanically ventilated children: A pharmacokinetic simulation study.
Paediatric anaesthesia.
2019 10; 29(10):1002-1010. doi:
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. [PMID: 31373752] - Nazari Pari, Yaghmaei Parichehreh, Rangin Alireza, Abbasi Naser. The role of Smyrnium cordifolium Boiss extract and curzerene on withdrawal syndrome in mice.
Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France).
2019 Sep; 65(7):77-83. doi:
10.14715/cmb/2019.65.7.14
. [PMID: 31880522] - Zhipei Sang, Keren Wang, Jian Shi, Wenmin Liu, Zhenghuai Tan. Design, synthesis, in-silico and biological evaluation of novel chalcone-O-carbamate derivatives as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
European journal of medicinal chemistry.
2019 Sep; 178(?):726-739. doi:
10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.026
. [PMID: 31229875] - Fei Tang, Henrietta Bada, Chee M Ng, Markos Leggas. Validation of a HPLC/MS method for simultaneous quantification of clonidine, morphine and its metabolites in human plasma.
Biomedical chromatography : BMC.
2019 Jul; 33(7):e4527. doi:
10.1002/bmc.4527
. [PMID: 30830964] - WingYee Wan, Bichle Nguyen, Sky Graybill, Jonathan Kim. Clonidine suppression testing for pheochromocytoma in neurofibromatosis type 1.
BMJ case reports.
2019 Jun; 12(6):. doi:
10.1136/bcr-2018-228263
. [PMID: 31243023] - Hongyan Liu, Xiaoming Qiang, Qing Song, Wei Li, Yuxi He, Chanyuan Ye, Zhenghuai Tan, Yong Deng. Discovery of 4'-OH-flurbiprofen Mannich base derivatives as potential Alzheimer's disease treatment with multiple inhibitory activities.
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry.
2019 03; 27(6):991-1001. doi:
10.1016/j.bmc.2019.01.040
. [PMID: 30772129] - Jennifer M Crawford, John A Loadsman, Kenny Xf Yang, Peter Ca Kam. Adding low concentrations of clonidine to ropivacaine for transversus abdominis plane blocks does not reduce plasma ropivacaine levels, suggesting a lack of vasoconstrictor effect.
Anaesthesia and intensive care.
2019 Mar; 47(2):134-140. doi:
10.1177/0310057x19838731
. [PMID: 31070463] - Paolo Calzavacca, Lindsea C Booth, Yugeesh R Lankadeva, Simon R Bailey, Louise M Burrell, Michael Bailey, Rinaldo Bellomo, Clive N May. Effects of Clonidine on the Cardiovascular, Renal, and Inflammatory Responses to Experimental Bacteremia.
Shock (Augusta, Ga.).
2019 03; 51(3):348-355. doi:
10.1097/shk.0000000000001134
. [PMID: 29489737] - Prafull Bandopant Ninave, Savita Dattatray Patil. Antiasthmatic potential of Zizyphus jujuba Mill and Jujuboside B. - Possible role in the treatment of asthma.
Respiratory physiology & neurobiology.
2019 02; 260(?):28-36. doi:
10.1016/j.resp.2018.12.001
. [PMID: 30521862] - Guangzhong Zhou, Rongzeng Du. Dynamic Ghrelin and GH serum levels during combined simultaneous arginine clonidine stimulation test in children with dwarfism.
Italian journal of pediatrics.
2019 Jan; 45(1):17. doi:
10.1186/s13052-019-0610-5
. [PMID: 30691498] - Qing Song, Yan Li, Zhongcheng Cao, Hongyan Liu, Chaoquan Tian, Ziyi Yang, Xiaoming Qiang, Zhenghuai Tan, Yong Deng. Discovery of novel 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalamide derivatives as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry.
2018 12; 26(23-24):6115-6127. doi:
10.1016/j.bmc.2018.11.015
. [PMID: 30470598] - Marieke Jepma, Stephen B R E Brown, Peter R Murphy, Stephany C Koelewijn, Boukje de Vries, Arn M van den Maagdenberg, Sander Nieuwenhuis. Noradrenergic and Cholinergic Modulation of Belief Updating.
Journal of cognitive neuroscience.
2018 12; 30(12):1803-1820. doi:
10.1162/jocn_a_01317
. [PMID: 30063180] - Ardeshir Moayeri, Maryam Azimi, Elahe Karimi, Ali Aidy, Naser Abbasi. Attenuation of Morphine Withdrawal Syndrome by Prosopis Farcta Extract and Its Bioactive Component Luteolin in Comparison with Clonidine in Rats.
Medical science monitor basic research.
2018 10; 24(?):151-158. doi:
10.12659/msmbr.909930
. [PMID: 30297685] - Karen Roksund Hov, Bjørn Erik Neerland, Anders Mikal Andersen, Øystein Undseth, Vegard Bruun Wyller, Alasdair M J MacLullich, Eva Skovlund, Eirik Qvigstad, Torgeir Bruun Wyller. The use of clonidine in elderly patients with delirium; pharmacokinetics and hemodynamic responses.
BMC pharmacology & toxicology.
2018 06; 19(1):29. doi:
10.1186/s40360-018-0218-1
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Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society.
2018 06; 40(?):28-31. doi:
10.1016/j.ghir.2018.04.002
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Experimental eye research.
2018 05; 170(?):20-28. doi:
10.1016/j.exer.2018.02.009
. [PMID: 29452108] - Rui Xu, Ganyuan Xiao, Yan Li, Hongyan Liu, Qing Song, Xiaoyu Zhang, Ziyi Yang, Yunxiaozhu Zheng, Zhenghuai Tan, Yong Deng. Multifunctional 5,6-dimethoxybenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one-N-alkylbenzylamine derivatives with acetylcholinesterase, monoamine oxidases and β-amyloid aggregation inhibitory activities as potential agents against Alzheimer's disease.
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry.
2018 05; 26(8):1885-1895. doi:
10.1016/j.bmc.2018.02.037
. [PMID: 29500132] - Sunayana Vikhe, Sunil Nirmal. Antiallergic and antihistaminic actions of Ceasalpinia bonducella seeds: Possible role in treatment of asthma.
Journal of ethnopharmacology.
2018 Apr; 216(?):251-258. doi:
10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.007
. [PMID: 29247697] - Nesreen M I M Elkomy, Islam A A E-H Ibrahim, Shimaa M Elshazly, Hassan M El-Fayoumi. Ameliorative effects of clonidine on ethanol induced kidney injury in rats: Potential role for imidazoline-1 receptor.
European journal of pharmacology.
2018 Apr; 824(?):148-156. doi:
10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.02.001
. [PMID: 29452086] - Alexis L Cates, Scott M Wheatley, Kenneth D Katz. Clonidine Overdose in a Toddler Due to Accidental Ingestion of a Compounding Cream.
Pediatric emergency care.
2018 Apr; 34(4):e79-e81. doi:
10.1097/pec.0000000000000790
. [PMID: 27455340] - Ken Matsui, Makoto Ozawa, Maki Kiso, Makoto Yamashita, Toshihiko Maekawa, Minoru Kubota, Sumio Sugano, Yoshihiro Kawaoka. Stimulation of alpha2-adrenergic receptors impairs influenza virus infection.
Scientific reports.
2018 03; 8(1):4631. doi:
10.1038/s41598-018-22927-0
. [PMID: 29545586] - Zhongcheng Cao, Jie Yang, Rui Xu, Qin Song, Xiaoyu Zhang, Hongyan Liu, Xiaoming Qiang, Yan Li, Zhenghuai Tan, Yong Deng. Design, synthesis and evaluation of 4'-OH-flurbiprofen-chalcone hybrids as potential multifunctional agents for Alzheimer's disease treatment.
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry.
2018 03; 26(5):1102-1115. doi:
10.1016/j.bmc.2018.01.030
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Journal of chromatographic science.
2018 Mar; 56(3):233-241. doi:
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European journal of medicinal chemistry.
2018 Feb; 146(?):287-298. doi:
10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.055
. [PMID: 29407958] - Gustav Folmer Genét, Peter Bentzer, Morten Bagge Hansen, Sisse Rye Ostrowski, Pär Ingemar Johansson. Effects of propranolol and clonidine on brain edema, blood-brain barrier permeability, and endothelial glycocalyx disruption after fluid percussion brain injury in the rat.
The journal of trauma and acute care surgery.
2018 01; 84(1):89-96. doi:
10.1097/ta.0000000000001708
. [PMID: 28930945] - William J Kowalczyk, Landhing M Moran, Jeremiah W Bertz, Karran A Phillips, Udi E Ghitza, Massoud Vahabzadeh, Jia-Ling Lin, David H Epstein, Kenzie L Preston. Using ecological momentary assessment to examine the relationship between craving and affect with opioid use in a clinical trial of clonidine as an adjunct medication to buprenorphine treatment.
The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse.
2018; 44(5):502-511. doi:
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Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences.
2017 Nov; 1068-1069(?):313-321. doi:
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Brain research.
2017 Oct; 1673(?):1-10. doi:
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Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie.
2017 Oct; 94(?):787-793. doi:
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Advances in therapy.
2017 08; 34(8):2022-2032. doi:
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Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England).
2017 08; 31(8):1046-1055. doi:
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Scandinavian journal of urology.
2017 Aug; 51(4):277-281. doi:
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Post reproductive health.
2017 Jun; 23(2):71-75. doi:
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Journal of clinical anesthesia.
2017 May; 38(?):140-153. doi:
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Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences.
2017 May; 1052(?):150-157. doi:
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BMJ case reports.
2017 Apr; 2017(?):. doi:
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European journal of medicinal chemistry.
2017 Apr; 130(?):379-392. doi:
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Pest management science.
2017 Apr; 73(4):752-760. doi:
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Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry.
2017 03; 25(6):1997-2009. doi:
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Surgery.
2017 03; 161(3):795-802. doi:
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Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology.
2017 03; 156(1):252-260. doi:
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Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.
2017 02; 27(4):718-722. doi:
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European journal of medicinal chemistry.
2017 Jan; 126(?):762-775. doi:
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Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine.
2017 Jan; 162(3):357-361. doi:
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Pharmacotherapy.
2016 12; 36(12):1290-1299. doi:
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European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics.
2016 Dec; 41(6):819-824. doi:
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European journal of clinical pharmacology.
2016 Sep; 72(9):1051-8. doi:
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Brain research bulletin.
2016 06; 124(?):116-22. doi:
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Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry.
2016 05; 24(10):2342-51. doi:
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Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994).
2016 05; 23(4):320-9. doi:
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Journal of psychiatric research.
2016 May; 76(?):38-43. doi:
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Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics.
2016 Apr; 39(2):122-30. doi:
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Pharmacological reports : PR.
2016 Apr; 68(2):383-9. doi:
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Human & experimental toxicology.
2016 Apr; 35(4):371-6. doi:
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European journal of endocrinology.
2016 Mar; 174(3):R71-7. doi:
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Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology.
2016 Mar; 12(1):134-8. doi:
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Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences.
2016 Feb; 1011(?):1-5. doi:
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Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.
2016 Feb; 36(2):205-11. doi:
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Die Pharmazie.
2016 Feb; 71(2):76-83. doi:
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PloS one.
2016; 11(5):e0154995. doi:
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European neurology.
2016; 75(5-6):236-43. doi:
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Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology.
2016; 56(2):108-11. doi:
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Xenotransplantation.
2015 Nov; 22(6):413-26. doi:
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Journal of hypertension.
2015 Nov; 33(11):2286-93. doi:
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Brain research.
2015 Oct; 1622(?):279-91. doi:
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Biomedical chromatography : BMC.
2015 Oct; 29(10):1506-13. doi:
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BMC pediatrics.
2015 Sep; 15(?):117. doi:
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Pain management.
2015 Sep; 5(5):359-71. doi:
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