toltrazuril (BioDeep_00000015204)
natural product
代谢物信息卡片
toltrazuril
化学式: C18H14F3N3O4S (425.0657080000001)
中文名称: 托曲珠利
谱图信息:
最多检出来源 Escherichia coli(natural_products) 66.67%
分子结构信息
SMILES: C1=C(C=CC(=C1)SC(F)(F)F)OC2=C(C)C=C(C=C2)N3C(N(C(NC3=O)=O)C)=O
InChI: InChI=1S/C18H14F3N3O4S/c1-10-9-11(24-16(26)22-15(25)23(2)17(24)27)3-8-14(10)28-12-4-6-13(7-5-12)29-18(19,20)21/h3-9H,1-2H3,(H,22,25,26)
描述信息
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents
C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent > C277 - Antiprotozoal Agent
同义名列表
1 个代谢物同义名
数据库引用编号
7 个数据库交叉引用编号
- ChEBI: CHEBI:93130
- KEGG: C76180
- KEGGdrug: D06187
- PubChem: 68591
- ChEMBL: CHEMBL2104931
- CAS: 69004-03-1
- MoNA: CCMSLIB00000078637
分类词条
相关代谢途径
Reactome(0)
BioCyc(0)
PlantCyc(0)
代谢反应
0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。
Reactome(0)
BioCyc(0)
WikiPathways(0)
Plant Reactome(0)
INOH(0)
PlantCyc(0)
COVID-19 Disease Map(0)
PathBank(0)
PharmGKB(0)
0 个相关的物种来源信息
在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：
- PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
- NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
- Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
- Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。
点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。
文献列表
- Hesam Shahininejad, Shaban Rahimi, Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi, Fatemeh Arabkhazaeli, Mahdi Ayyari, Alireza Behnamifar, Morteza Abuali, Jesse Grimes. Comparing the effect of phytobiotic, coccidiostat, toltrazuril, and vaccine on the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in broilers.
Poultry science.
2024 May; 103(5):103596. doi:
10.1016/j.psj.2024.103596. [PMID: 38471232] - Mohamed H Kairy, Hosny Abd El Fadel, Abd El Aleim F Abd El Aleim, Gehan N Gad, Fatma El Zahra A Youssef, Amira M Ibrahim, Walaa F SaadEldin. Immunological studies on the effects of toltrazuril and neem extract in broiler chickens suffering from coccidiosis.
Open veterinary journal.
2024 Jan; 14(1):341-349. doi:
10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i1.31. [PMID: 38633167] - Meixia Huo, Wenjin Ma, Kaixiang Zhou, Xiangyue Xu, Zhenli Liu, Lingli Huang. Migration and toxicity of toltrazuril and its main metabolites in the environment.
Chemosphere.
2022 Sep; 302(?):134888. doi:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134888. [PMID: 35561774] - Bin Li, Yingyun Wang, Ying Feng, Dan Yuan, Renjie Xu, Cuiping Jiang, Xuecheng Xiao, Shan Lu. Design and molecular insights of drug-active metabolite based co-amorphous formulation: A case study of toltrazuril-ponazuril co-amorphous.
International journal of pharmaceutics.
2022 Mar; 615(?):121475. doi:
10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121475. [PMID: 35041914] - Xiaolin Xu, Shudong Zhang, Chuanwen Wang, Hao Li, Yu Huang, Yuyun Ma, Jiayi Zhao, Tingting Pan, Huan Li, Baoliang Pan. Pharmacokinetics of toltrazuril and its metabolites after oral and parenteral administration of novel oil-based suspension based on micro-environmental pH-modifying solid dispersion in rabbits.
Veterinary parasitology.
2021 Nov; 299(?):109580. doi:
10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109580. [PMID: 34597913] - Hamadi Karembe, Daniel Sperling, Nathalie Varinot, Reynald Magnier, Mathieu Peyrou, Nicolas Guerra, Jiří Smola, Jan Vasek, Barbara Hinney, Anja Joachim. Absorption and Distribution of Toltrazuril and Toltrazuril Sulfone in Plasma, Intestinal Tissues and Content of Piglets after Oral or Intramuscular Administration.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland).
2021 Sep; 26(18):. doi:
10.3390/molecules26185633. [PMID: 34577103] - Bian-Hua Zhou, Jing-Yun Yang, Hai-Yan Ding, Qiu-Peng Chen, Er-Jie Tian, Hong-Wei Wang. Anticoccidial effect of toltrazuril and Radix Sophorae Flavescentis combination: Reduced inflammation and promoted mucosal immunity.
Veterinary parasitology.
2021 Aug; 296(?):109477. doi:
10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109477. [PMID: 34087564] - Caroline Zamperete Reginato, Fagner D'ambroso Fernandes, Luís Antônio Sangioni, Fernanda Silveira Flores Vogel. Efficiency of 5\% toltrazuril in the metaphylactic treatment of coccidiosis in naturally infected and extensively reared beef calves.
Tropical animal health and production.
2021 May; 53(2):329. doi:
10.1007/s11250-021-02770-8. [PMID: 34002297] - Razan F Al-Qadri, Ehab A Abu-Basha, Mohammed M Ababneh, Zuhair Bani Ismail, Nasir M Idkaidek. Pharmacokinetics of toltrazuril and its metabolites in pregnant and nonpregnant ewes and determination of their concentrations in milk, allantoic fluid, and newborn plasma.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics.
2020 Jul; 43(4):339-346. doi:
10.1111/jvp.12845. [PMID: 32067240] - K E Lawrence, R E Hickson, B Wang, K Gedye, K Fraser, W E Pomroy. The efficacy of toltrazuril treatment for reducing the infection intensity of Theileria orientalis Ikeda type in dairy calves.
Veterinary parasitology.
2020 Jun; 282(?):109124. doi:
10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109124. [PMID: 32442844] - Ane Odden, Snorre Stuen, Heidi L Enemark, Lucy J Robertson, José Manuel Molina, Antonio Ruiz. Preliminary studies on in vitro methods for the evaluation of anticoccidial efficacy/resistance in ruminants.
Experimental parasitology.
2019 Jun; 201(?):34-41. doi:
10.1016/j.exppara.2019.04.009. [PMID: 31034815] - Anja Joachim, Nicolas Guerra, Barbara Hinney, Adnan Hodžić, Hamadi Karembe, Aruna Shrestha, Daniel Sperling. Efficacy of injectable toltrazuril-iron combination product and oral toltrazuril against early experimental infection of suckling piglets with Cystoisospora suis.
Parasites & vectors.
2019 May; 12(1):272. doi:
10.1186/s13071-019-3527-3. [PMID: 31138327] - Min Zhang, Xueyan Li, Qiping Zhao, Rufeng She, Suhan Xia, Keyu Zhang, Lifang Zhang, Xiaoyang Wang, Mi Wang, Yingchun Liu, Chunmei Wang, Jie Zhang, Feiqun Xue, Chenzhong Fei. Anticoccidial activity of novel triazine compounds in broiler chickens.
Veterinary parasitology.
2019 Mar; 267(?):4-8. doi:
10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.01.006. [PMID: 30878083] - Isaiah O Ademola, Philip O Ojo, Paul O Odeniran. Pleurotus ostreatus extract inhibits Eimeria species development in naturally infected broiler chickens.
Tropical animal health and production.
2019 Jan; 51(1):109-117. doi:
10.1007/s11250-018-1665-9. [PMID: 30008132] - Rajmund Sokól, Remigiusz Galecki. The resistance of Eimeria spp. to toltrazuril in black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix) kept in an aviary.
Poultry science.
2018 Dec; 97(12):4193-4199. doi:
10.3382/ps/pey296. [PMID: 29992279] - Ane Odden, Matthew J Denwood, Snorre Stuen, Lucy J Robertson, Antonio Ruiz, Inger Sofie Hamnes, Lisbeth Hektoen, Heidi L Enemark. Field evaluation of anticoccidial efficacy: A novel approach demonstrates reduced efficacy of toltrazuril against ovine Eimeria spp. in Norway.
International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance.
2018 08; 8(2):304-311. doi:
10.1016/j.ijpddr.2018.05.002. [PMID: 29777962] - Ane Odden, Heidi L Enemark, Antonio Ruiz, Lucy J Robertson, Cecilie Ersdal, Silje K Nes, Vibeke Tømmerberg, Snorre Stuen. Controlled efficacy trial confirming toltrazuril resistance in a field isolate of ovine Eimeria spp.
Parasites & vectors.
2018 Jul; 11(1):394. doi:
10.1186/s13071-018-2976-4. [PMID: 29976240] - Li Zhang, Mengxi Liu, Chaocheng Lu, Dandan Ren, Guoqing Fan, Chang Liu, Mengjiao Liu, Gang Shu, Guangneng Peng, Zhixiang Yuan, Zhijun Zhong, Wei Zhang, Hualin Fu. The hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complexation of toltrazuril for enhancing bioavailability.
Drug design, development and therapy.
2018; 12(?):583-589. doi:
10.2147/dddt.s157611. [PMID: 29593381] - Fernando de Souza Rodrigues, Alfredo Skrebsky Cezar, Fernanda Rezer de Menezes, Luis Antônio Sangioni, Fernanda Silveira Flores Vogel, Sônia de Avila Botton. Efficacy and economic analysis of two treatment regimens using toltrazuril in lambs naturally infected with Eimeria spp. on pasture.
Parasitology research.
2017 Nov; 116(11):2911-2919. doi:
10.1007/s00436-017-5597-5. [PMID: 28861619] - Asghar Abbas, Zafar Iqbal, Rao Zahid Abbas, Muhammad Kasib Khan, Junaid Ali Khan, Zia Ud Din Sindhu, Muhammad Shahid Mahmood, Muhammad Kashif Saleemi. In vivo anticoccidial effects of Beta vulgaris (sugar beet) in broiler chickens.
Microbial pathogenesis.
2017 Oct; 111(?):139-144. doi:
10.1016/j.micpath.2017.07.052. [PMID: 28826766] - Aruna Shrestha, Barbara Freudenschuss, Rutger Jansen, Barbara Hinney, Bärbel Ruttkowski, Anja Joachim. Experimentally confirmed toltrazuril resistance in a field isolate of Cystoisospora suis.
Parasites & vectors.
2017 Jun; 10(1):317. doi:
10.1186/s13071-017-2257-7. [PMID: 28662668] - Florence Mohr, Martha Betson, Benoit Quintard. INVESTIGATION OF THE PRESENCE OF ATOXOPLASMA SPP. IN BLUE-CROWNED LAUGHINGTHRUSH (DRYONASTES COURTOISI) ADULTS AND NEONATES.
Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians.
2017 Mar; 48(1):1-6. doi:
10.1638/2016-0044.1. [PMID: 28363058] - Agustín Pérez-Fonseca, Yazmin Alcala-Canto, Abdelfattah Z M Salem, Aldo B Alberti-Navarro. Anticoccidial efficacy of naringenin and a grapefruit peel extract in growing lambs naturally-infected with Eimeria spp.
Veterinary parasitology.
2016 Dec; 232(?):58-65. doi:
10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.11.009. [PMID: 27890083] - Fernando de Souza Rodrigues, Luiz Eduardo Roland Tavares, Fernando Paiva. Efficacy of treatments with toltrazuril 7.5\% and lasalocid sodium in sheep naturally infected with Eimeria spp.
Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria.
2016 Jul; 25(3):293-8. doi:
10.1590/s1984-29612016048. [PMID: 27580396] - Kristina Streyl, Janaina Carlstron, Eliana Dantos, Roberto Mendoza, Juan Agustin Torres Islas, Chandra Bhushan. Field Evaluation of the Effectiveness of an Oral Toltrazuril and Iron Combination (Baycox® Iron) in Maintaining Weaning Weight by Preventing Coccidiosis and Anaemia in Neonatal Piglets.
Parasitology research.
2015 Aug; 114 Suppl 1(?):S193-200. doi:
10.1007/s00436-015-4525-9. [PMID: 26152420] - Heidi Larsen Enemark, Jan Dahl, Jörg Matthias Dehn Enemark. Significance of Timing on Effect of Metaphylactic Toltrazuril Treatment against Eimeriosis in Calves.
Parasitology research.
2015 Aug; 114 Suppl 1(?):S201-12. doi:
10.1007/s00436-015-4526-8. [PMID: 26152421] - G Zechner, C Bauer, J Jacobs, L Goossens, G Vertenten, M A Taylor. Efficacy of diclazuril and toltrazuril in the prevention of coccidiosis in dairy calves under field conditions.
The Veterinary record.
2015 Jan; 176(5):126. doi:
10.1136/vr.102237. [PMID: 25371497] - R Sokól, M Gesek, M Raś-Noryńska, M Michalczyk, S Koziatek. Biochemical parameters in Japanese quails Coturnix coturnix japonica infected with coccidia and treated with Toltrazuril.
Polish journal of veterinary sciences.
2015; 18(1):79-82. doi:
10.1515/pjvs-2015-0010. [PMID: 25928913] - Chun Liu, Sheng-Jie Wang, Qian Zhang, Yi-Xiang Shao. Influence of three coccidiostats on the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in rabbits.
Experimental animals.
2015; 64(1):73-9. doi:
10.1538/expanim.14-0064. [PMID: 25319758] - P Philippe, J P Alzieu, M A Taylor, Ph Dorchies. Comparative efficacy of diclazuril (Vecoxan®) and toltrazuril (Baycox bovis®) against natural infections of Eimeria bovis and Eimeria zuernii in French calves.
Veterinary parasitology.
2014 Dec; 206(3-4):129-37. doi:
10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.10.003. [PMID: 25458561] - Shola David Ola-Fadunsin, Isaiah Oluwafemi Ademola. Anticoccidial effects of Morinda lucida acetone extracts on broiler chickens naturally infected with Eimeria species.
Pharmaceutical biology.
2014 Mar; 52(3):330-4. doi:
10.3109/13880209.2013.836545. [PMID: 24134664] - Y Alcala-Canto, E Ramos-Martinez, G Tapia-Perez, L Gutierrez, H Sumano. Pharmacodynamic evaluation of a reference and a generic toltrazuril preparation in broilers experimentally infected with Eimeria tenella or E. acervulina.
British poultry science.
2014 Feb; 55(1):44-53. doi:
10.1080/00071668.2013.872770. [PMID: 24397403] - Paweł Nosal, Dorota Kowalska, Paweł Bielański, Jerzy Kowal, Sławomir Kornaś. Herbal formulations as feed additives in the course of rabbit subclinical coccidiosis.
Annals of parasitology.
2014; 60(1):65-9. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 24930248] - Aleksandra Balicka-Ramisz, Mirosław Wróbel, Karolina Adadyńska. Epidemiology and economic benefits of treating rabbits coccidiosis in small farms from West Pomerania province, Poland.
Annals of parasitology.
2014; 60(4):247-51. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 25706421] - Ján Jamriška, Lourdes A Lavilla, Ann Thomasson, Alberto R Barbon, Javier F Lopéz, David Modrý. Treatment of atoxoplasmosis in the Blue-crowned Laughing Thrush (Dryonastes courtoisi).
Avian pathology : journal of the W.V.P.A.
2013 Dec; 42(6):569-71. doi:
10.1080/03079457.2013.854309. [PMID: 24224549] - Susan M Thomas, Eric R Morgan. Effect on performance of weanling alpacas following treatments against gastro-intestinal parasites.
Veterinary parasitology.
2013 Nov; 198(1-2):244-9. doi:
10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.08.010. [PMID: 24021542] - Manuela Diaferia, Fabrizia Veronesi, Giulia Morganti, Lucio Nisoli, Daniela Piergili Fioretti. Efficacy of toltrazuril 5 \% suspension (Baycox®, Bayer) and diclazuril (Vecoxan®, Janssen-Cilag) in the control of Eimeria spp. in lambs.
Parasitology research.
2013 Aug; 112 Suppl 1(?):163-8. doi:
10.1007/s00436-013-3440-1. [PMID: 23756962] - Gabriele Petry, Gertraut Altreuther, Sonja Wolken, Petro Swart, Dawie J Kok. Efficacy of emodepside plus toltrazuril oral suspension for dogs (Procox®, Bayer) against Trichuris vulpis in naturally infected dogs.
Parasitology research.
2013 Aug; 112 Suppl 1(?):133-8. doi:
10.1007/s00436-013-3287-5. [PMID: 23756961] - Fabrizia Veronesi, Lucio Nisoli, Manuela Diaferia, Roberto Falcini, Emanuele Ficola, Daniela Piergili Fioretti. Influence of a metaphylactic treatment with Baycox(®) Bovis on the reproductive performances of Fresian heifers: a preliminary study.
Parasitology research.
2013 Jun; 112(6):2137-42. doi:
10.1007/s00436-013-3373-8. [PMID: 23504039] - Alaa Aldin Alnassan, Awad Ali Shehata, Marianne Kotsch, Wieland Schrödl, Monika Krüger, Arwid Daugschies, Berit Bangoura. Efficacy of early treatment with toltrazuril in prevention of coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis in chickens.
Avian pathology : journal of the W.V.P.A.
2013; 42(5):482-90. doi:
10.1080/03079457.2013.823476. [PMID: 23941631] - Gürbüz Daş, Cengiz Ataşoğlu, Hande Işıl Akbağ, Cemil Tölü, Ismail Yaman Yurtman, Türker Savaş. Effects of kefir on coccidial oocysts excretion and performance of dairy goat kids following weaning.
Tropical animal health and production.
2012 Jun; 44(5):1049-55. doi:
10.1007/s11250-011-0039-3. [PMID: 22189816] - H Koutny, A Joachim, A Tichy, W Baumgartner. Bovine Eimeria species in Austria.
Parasitology research.
2012 May; 110(5):1893-901. doi:
10.1007/s00436-011-2715-7. [PMID: 22167365] - Heidrun Mengel, Monika Kruger, Maxie U Kruger, Bernhard Westphal, Alexander Swidsinski, Sandra Schwarz, Hans-Christian Mundt, Katja Dittmar, Arwid Daugschies. Necrotic enteritis due to simultaneous infection with Isospora suis and clostridia in newborn piglets and its prevention by early treatment with toltrazuril.
Parasitology research.
2012 Apr; 110(4):1347-55. doi:
10.1007/s00436-011-2633-8. [PMID: 21968954] - Rüdiger Hauck, Hafez M Hafez. Description of Eimeria pavonina (coccidia) of peafowl in Germany.
Avian diseases.
2012 Mar; 56(1):238-42. doi:
10.1637/9864-072711-case.1. [PMID: 22545554] - M Szweda, J Szarek, I Babińska, R Sokół, M Raś-Noryńska, A Kołodziejska-Sawerska, T Mecik-Kronenberg. Modulation of specific biochemical blood parameters by helminth infection in laboratory Beagle dogs.
Polish journal of veterinary sciences.
2012; 15(2):387-9. doi:
10.2478/v10181-012-0058-7. [PMID: 22844719] - Tanja Kreiner, Hanna Lucia Worliczek, Alexander Tichy, Anja Joachim. Influence of toltrazuril treatment on parasitological parameters and health performance of piglets in the field--an Austrian experience.
Veterinary parasitology.
2011 Dec; 183(1-2):14-20. doi:
10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.07.019. [PMID: 21820246] - Anja Joachim, Hans-Christian Mundt. Efficacy of sulfonamides and Baycox(®) against Isospora suis in experimental infections of suckling piglets.
Parasitology research.
2011 Dec; 109(6):1653-9. doi:
10.1007/s00436-011-2438-9. [PMID: 21556685] - Fabrizia Veronesi, Manuela Diaferia, Orfeo Viola, Daniela Piergili Fioretti. Long-term effect of toltrazuril on growth performances of dairy heifers and beef calves exposed to natural Eimeria zuernii and Eimeria bovis infections.
Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997).
2011 Nov; 190(2):296-299. doi:
10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.10.009. [PMID: 21144780] - Nicholas N Jonsson, Emily K Piper, Christian P Gray, Abdulkerim Deniz, Constantin C Constantinoiu. Efficacy of toltrazuril 5 \% suspension against Eimeria bovis and Eimeria zuernii in calves and observations on the associated immunopathology.
Parasitology research.
2011 Aug; 109 Suppl 1(?):S113-28. doi:
10.1007/s00436-011-2408-2. [PMID: 21739381] - Gertraut Altreuther, Nadine Gasda, Kerstin Adler, Klaus Hellmann, Heloise Thurieau, Annette Schimmel, Douglas Hutchens, Klemens J Krieger. Field evaluations of the efficacy and safety of Emodepside plus toltrazuril (Procox® oral suspension for dogs) against naturally acquired nematode and Isospora spp. infections in dogs.
Parasitology research.
2011 Aug; 109 Suppl 1(?):S21-8. doi:
10.1007/s00436-011-2399-z. [PMID: 21739372] - I McGill, Y Feltrer, C Jeffs, G Sayers, R N Marshall, M A Peirce, M F Stidworthy, A Pocknell, A W Sainsbury. Isosporoid coccidiosis in translocated cirl buntings (Emberiza cirlus).
The Veterinary record.
2010 Oct; 167(17):656-60. doi:
10.1136/vr.c5179. [PMID: 21257466] - Vasilis Skampardonis, Smaragda Sotiraki, Polychronis Kostoulas, Leonidas Leontides. Effect of toltrazuril treatment in nursing piglets naturally infected with Isospora suis.
Veterinary parasitology.
2010 Aug; 172(1-2):46-52. doi:
10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.04.020. [PMID: 20471754] - M A Harfoush, A M Hegazy, A H Soliman, S Amer. Drug resistance evaluation of some commonly used anti-coccidial drugs in broiler chickens.
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology.
2010 Aug; 40(2):337-48. doi:
NULL. [PMID: 21246941] - Jong-Hwan Lim, Myoung-Seok Kim, Youn-Hwan Hwang, In-Bae Song, Byung-Kwon Park, Hyo-In Yun. Pharmacokinetics of toltrazuril and its metabolites, toltrazuril sulfoxide and toltrazuril sulfone, after a single oral administration to pigs.
The Journal of veterinary medical science.
2010 Aug; 72(8):1085-7. doi:
10.1292/jvms.09-0524. [PMID: 20332592] - Myoung-Seok Kim, Jong-Hwan Lim, Youn-Hwan Hwang, Byung-Kwon Park, In-Bae Song, Hyo-In Yun. Plasma disposition of toltrazuril and its metabolites, toltrazuril sulfoxide and toltrazuril sulfone, in rabbits after oral administration.
Veterinary parasitology.
2010 Apr; 169(1-2):51-6. doi:
10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.12.011. [PMID: 20083354] - Fawzia H Toulah, Hayat A Ismeel, Samar Khan. Effect of treatment with Neem (Azadirachta indica) compared with Baycox drug on the caecum of chicken experimentally infected with Eimeria tenella.
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology.
2010 Apr; 40(1):93-106. doi:
". [PMID: 20503590] - Antonio Scala, Francesca Demontis, Antonio Varcasia, Anna Paola Pipia, Giovanni Poglayen, Nicola Ferrari, Marco Genchi. Toltrazuril and sulphonamide treatment against naturally Isospora suis infected suckling piglets: is there an actual profit?.
Veterinary parasitology.
2009 Aug; 163(4):362-5. doi:
10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.04.028. [PMID: 19457615] - Hans-Christian Mundt, Katja Dittmar, Arwid Daugschies, Elmar Grzonka, Berit Bangoura. Study of the comparative efficacy of toltrazuril and diclazuril against ovine coccidiosis in housed lambs.
Parasitology research.
2009 Aug; 105 Suppl 1(?):S141-50. doi:
10.1007/s00436-009-1505-y. [PMID: 19575235] - L Dirikolu, W Karpiesiuk, A F Lehner, C Hughes, D E Granstrom, T Tobin. Synthesis and detection of toltrazuril sulfone and its pharmacokinetics in horses following administration in dimethylsulfoxide.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics.
2009 Aug; 32(4):368-78. doi:
10.1111/j.1365-2885.2008.01053.x. [PMID: 19614842] - M Strohbusch, N Müller, A Hemphill, R Krebber, G Greif, B Gottstein. Toltrazuril treatment of congenitally acquired Neospora caninum infection in newborn mice.
Parasitology research.
2009 Jun; 104(6):1335-43. doi:
10.1007/s00436-009-1328-x. [PMID: 19205743] - C Le Sueur, C Mage, H-C Mundt. Efficacy of toltrazuril (Baycox 5\% suspension) in natural infections with pathogenic Eimeria spp. in housed lambs.
Parasitology research.
2009 Apr; 104(5):1157-62. doi:
10.1007/s00436-008-1305-9. [PMID: 19085006] - Kasamyra Zylan, Tom Bailey, Huw V Smith, Christudas Silvanose, Joerg Kinne, Rolf K Schuster, Kevin Hyland. An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in a collection of Stone curlews (Burhinus oedicnemus) in Dubai.
Avian pathology : journal of the W.V.P.A.
2008 Oct; 37(5):521-6. doi:
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