Cathine (BioDeep_00000015036)

   

natural product


代谢物信息卡片


Benzenemethanol, alpha-(1-aminoethyl)-, (S-(R*,S*))-

化学式: C9H13NO (151.0997)
中文名称: 左旋去甲麻黄碱, 去甲麻黄碱, 去甲伪麻黄碱, 卡西
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(lipidsearch) 4.39%

分子结构信息

SMILES: CC(C(C1=CC=CC=C1)O)N
InChI: InChI=1S/C9H13NO/c1-7(10)9(11)8-5-3-2-4-6-8/h2-7,9,11H,10H2,1H3/t7-,9+/m0/s1

描述信息

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A08 - Antiobesity preparations, excl. diet products > A08A - Antiobesity preparations, excl. diet products > A08AA - Centrally acting antiobesity products
An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1S,2S-stereoisomer).
D019440 - Anti-Obesity Agents > D001067 - Appetite Depressants
CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3335
EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3335; CONFIDENCE standard compound

同义名列表

23 个代谢物同义名

(1S,2R)-(+)-Norephedrine; Cathine; Benzenemethanol, alpha-(1-aminoethyl)-, (S-(R*,S*))-; (1S,2S)-2-amino-1-phenyl-propan-1-ol; (1S,2S)-2-amino-1-phenylpropan-1-ol; (+)-Norpseudoephedrine; d-Phenylpropanolamine; (+)-Norephedrin; NCGC00016416-01; PDSP2_001337; CAS-154-41-6; PDSP1_001353; 753492-51-2; D-Cathine; 492-39-7; C08300; (1S,2S)-(+)-Norpseudoephedrine; Norpseudoephedrine; D-Cathine; (+)-Norephedrine; Norephedrine; Cathine; Cathine



数据库引用编号

25 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

25 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有:

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息,我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表,这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序,取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘,得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序,取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中,存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称,可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

亚细胞结构定位 关联基因列表


文献列表

  • Hong-Fei Shi, Bo-Peng Xu, Cheng-Xin Xu, Xiu-Qi Zhou, Hong-Fu Xu. [Rapid extraction and detection of five alkaloids in dried khat by solvent extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry]. Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography. 2023 Sep; 41(9):771-780. doi: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2023.03009. [PMID: 37712541]
  • Ahmad M Alamir, Mohammed A Jeraiby, Hesham M Korashy, Emad Sayed Shaheen, Mohammad A Attafi, Magbool E Oraiby, Ahmed M Hakami, Mohammed Y Albeishy, Ibrahim A Khardali, Ismail A Juraybi, Abeer A Alobaida, Ibraheem M Attafi. Cathine and cathinone disposition kinetics and neurotransmitter profile in several organs of rats exposed to a single dose of Catha edulis (Vahl) Forssk. ex Endl. extract. Drug metabolism and personalized therapy. 2023 Mar; ?(?):. doi: 10.1515/dmpt-2022-0154. [PMID: 36883753]
  • Sharoen Y M Lim, Jason Siau Ee Loo, Mustafa Alshagga, Mohammed A Alshawsh, Chin E Ong, Yan Pan. Protein-Ligand Identification and In Vitro Inhibitory Effects of Cathine on 11 Major Human Drug Metabolizing Cytochrome P450s. International journal of toxicology. 2022 Sep; 41(5):355-366. doi: 10.1177/10915818221103790. [PMID: 35658727]
  • Hsin-Yi Hung, Shih-Min Lin, Chia-Ying Li, Sio-Hong Lam, Yu-Yi Chan, Meei-Jen Liou, Po-Chuen Shieh, Fu-An Chen, Ping-Chung Kuo, Tian-Shung Wu. A Rapid and Feasible 1H-NMR Quantification Method of Ephedrine Alkaloids in Ephedra Herbal Preparations. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2021 Mar; 26(6):. doi: 10.3390/molecules26061599. [PMID: 33805790]
  • Elisabeth Pendl, Udo Pauritsch, Manfred Kollroser, Martin G Schmid. Determination of cathinone and cathine in Khat plant material by LC-MS/MS: Fresh vs. dried leaves. Forensic science international. 2021 Feb; 319(?):110658. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110658. [PMID: 33370655]
  • Luke R Tembrock, Corey D Broeckling, Adam L Heuberger, Mark P Simmons, Frank R Stermitz, Jessica M Uvarov. Employing Two-stage Derivatisation and GC-MS to Assay for Cathine and Related Stimulant Alkaloids across the Celastraceae. Phytochemical analysis : PCA. 2017 Jul; 28(4):257-266. doi: 10.1002/pca.2671. [PMID: 28124803]
  • Eun Sook Jeong, Ki Hun Kim, Eunju Cha, Oh-Seung Kwon, Sangwon Cha, Jaeick Lee. Direct and rapid quantitation of ephedrines in human urine by paper spray ionization/high resolution mass spectrometry. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2016 Aug; 1028(?):237-241. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.06.040. [PMID: 27393909]
  • Borbála Molnár, Blanka Fodor, Imre Boldizsár, Ibolya Molnár-Perl. Trimethylsilyl speciations of cathine, cathinone and norephedrine followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry: Direct sample preparation and analysis of khatamines. Journal of chromatography. A. 2016 Apr; 1440(?):172-178. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.02.044. [PMID: 26928873]
  • J G Pallarés, Á López-Samanes, V E Fernández-Elías, R Aguado-Jiménez, J F Ortega, C Gómez, R Ventura, J Segura, R Mora-Rodríguez. Pseudoephedrine and circadian rhythm interaction on neuromuscular performance. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 2015 Dec; 25(6):e603-12. doi: 10.1111/sms.12385. [PMID: 25515692]
  • Shuai Song, Qingfa Tang, Huiling Huo, Hancheng Li, Xuefeng Xing, Jiabo Luo. Simultaneous quantification and pharmacokinetics of alkaloids in Herba Ephedrae-Radix Aconiti Lateralis extracts. Journal of analytical toxicology. 2015 Jan; 39(1):58-68. doi: 10.1093/jat/bku113. [PMID: 25324527]
  • Nilesh B Patel. "Natural Amphetamine" Khat: A Cultural Tradition or a Drug of Abuse?. International review of neurobiology. 2015; 120(?):235-55. doi: 10.1016/bs.irn.2015.02.006. [PMID: 26070760]
  • Fatma Gurdal, Mahmut Asirdizer, Rezzan Gulhan Aker, Senol Korkut, Yasemin Gocer, E Esra Kucukibrahimoglu, C Haluk Ince. Review of detection frequency and type of synthetic cannabinoids in herbal compounds analyzed by Istanbul Narcotic Department of the Council of Forensic Medicine, Turkey. Journal of forensic and legal medicine. 2013 Aug; 20(6):667-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2013.03.041. [PMID: 23910858]
  • Therese Bredholt, Elisabeth Ersvær, Bjarte Skoe Erikstein, André Sulen, Håkon Reikvam, Hans Jørgen Aarstad, Anne Christine Johannessen, Olav Karsten Vintermyr, Øystein Bruserud, Bjørn Tore Gjertsen. Distinct single cell signal transduction signatures in leukocyte subsets stimulated with khat extract, amphetamine-like cathinone, cathine or norephedrine. BMC pharmacology & toxicology. 2013 Jul; 14(?):35. doi: 10.1186/2050-6511-14-35. [PMID: 23845085]
  • Gabriella Roda, Vincenzo Liberti, Sebastiano Arnoldi, Antonella Argo, Chiara Rusconi, Sonia Suardi, Veniero Gambaro. Capillary electrophoretic and extraction conditions for the analysis of Catha edulis FORKS active principles. Forensic science international. 2013 May; 228(1-3):154-9. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.02.034. [PMID: 23597752]
  • Yang Li, Hong Zhang, Jiangtao Hu, Feng Xue, Yongxin Li, Chengjun Sun. A GC-EI-MS-MS method for simultaneous determination of seven adulterants in slimming functional foods. Journal of chromatographic science. 2012 Nov; 50(10):928-33. doi: 10.1093/chromsci/bms092. [PMID: 22732254]
  • Osquel Barroso, Danielle Goudreault, Marcel-lí Carbó Banús, Christiane Ayotte, Irene Mazzoni, Thierry Boghosian, Olivier Rabin. Determination of urinary concentrations of pseudoephedrine and cathine after therapeutic administration of pseudoephedrine-containing medications to healthy subjects: implications for doping control analysis of these stimulants banned in sport. Drug testing and analysis. 2012 May; 4(5):320-9. doi: 10.1002/dta.291. [PMID: 21548139]
  • Veniero Gambaro, Sebastiano Arnoldi, Maria Laura Colombo, Lucia Dell'Acqua, Katia Guerrini, Gabriella Roda. Determination of the active principles of Catha Edulis: quali-quantitative analysis of cathinone, cathine, and phenylpropanolamine. Forensic science international. 2012 Apr; 217(1-3):87-92. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.09.028. [PMID: 22024653]
  • Saba Kassim, Aamenah Hawash, Atholl Johnston, Ray Croucher. Validation of self-reported khat chewing amongst khat chewers: an exploratory study. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2012 Mar; 140(1):193-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.12.040. [PMID: 22244798]
  • Toshiaki Nagai, Akira Kurosu, Kazumi Matsushima, Junko Maeda, Atsushi Tohei, Shinobu Yamauchi, Masahito Hitosugi, Shogo Tokudome. Simultaneous identification of the enantiomers and diastereomers of N,O-di-trifluoroacetylated ephedrine and norephedrine in blood plasma using chiral capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring. Journal of analytical toxicology. 2012 Mar; 36(2):96-105. doi: 10.1093/jat/bkr010. [PMID: 22337778]
  • Thitirat Mantim, Duangjai Nacapricha, Prapin Wilairat, Peter C Hauser. Enantiomeric separation of some common controlled stimulants by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. Electrophoresis. 2012 Jan; 33(2):388-94. doi: 10.1002/elps.201100370. [PMID: 22170109]
  • Kang Mi Lee, Ho Jun Kim, Eun Sook Jeong, Hye Hyun Yoo, Oh Seung Kwon, Changbae Jin, Dong Hyun Kim, Jaeick Lee. Simple and accurate quantitative analysis of seven prohibited threshold substances in human urine by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in doping control. Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM. 2011 Aug; 25(16):2261-7. doi: 10.1002/rcm.5117. [PMID: 21755547]
  • Li-Ping Zou, Ying Wang, Li-Ping Zhang, Jian-Bo Zhao, Jin-Fang Lu, Qun Liu, Hang-Yan Wang. Tourette syndrome and excitatory substances: is there a connection?. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. 2011 May; 27(5):793-802. doi: 10.1007/s00381-010-1318-4. [PMID: 21057956]
  • G da Silva, R Serrano, O Silva. Maytenus heterophylla and Maytenus senegalensis, two traditional herbal medicines. Journal of natural science, biology, and medicine. 2011 Jan; 2(1):59-65. doi: 10.4103/0976-9668.82320. [PMID: 22470236]
  • Paul Griffiths, Dominique Lopez, Roumen Sedefov, Ana Gallegos, Brendan Hughes, André Noor, Luis Royuela. Khat use and monitoring drug use in Europe: the current situation and issues for the future. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2010 Dec; 132(3):578-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.04.046. [PMID: 20452413]
  • Richard Hoffman, Mustafa Al'Absi. Khat use and neurobehavioral functions: suggestions for future studies. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2010 Dec; 132(3):554-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.033. [PMID: 20553832]
  • F Badoud, E Grata, L Perrenoud, M Saugy, S Rudaz, J-L Veuthey. Fast analysis of doping agents in urine by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. II: Confirmatory analysis. Journal of chromatography. A. 2010 Jun; 1217(25):4109-19. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.001. [PMID: 19939397]
  • Sabina Strano-Rossi, Daniele Leone, Xavier de la Torre, Francesco Botrè. Analysis of stimulants in oral fluid and urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry II: pseudophedrine. Journal of analytical toxicology. 2010 May; 34(4):210-5. doi: 10.1093/jat/34.4.210. [PMID: 20465867]
  • Tim Laussmann, Sigrid Meier-Giebing. Forensic analysis of hallucinogenic mushrooms and khat (Catha edulis Forsk) using cation-exchange liquid chromatography. Forensic science international. 2010 Feb; 195(1-3):160-4. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.12.013. [PMID: 20047807]
  • John S Chappell, Marsha M Lee. Cathinone preservation in khat evidence via drying. Forensic science international. 2010 Feb; 195(1-3):108-20. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.12.002. [PMID: 20036789]
  • Therese Bredholt, Elizabeth Ao Dimba, Hanne R Hagland, Line Wergeland, Jørn Skavland, Kjell O Fossan, Karl J Tronstad, Anne C Johannessen, Olav K Vintermyr, Bjørn T Gjertsen. Camptothecin and khat (Catha edulis Forsk.) induced distinct cell death phenotypes involving modulation of c-FLIPL, Mcl-1, procaspase-8 and mitochondrial function in acute myeloid leukemia cell lines. Molecular cancer. 2009 Nov; 8(?):101. doi: 10.1186/1476-4598-8-101. [PMID: 19912650]
  • Sabina Strano-Rossi, Daniele Leone, Xavier de la Torre, Francesco Botrè. The relevance of the urinary concentration of ephedrines in anti-doping analysis: determination of pseudoephedrine, cathine, and ephedrine after administration of over-the-counter medicaments. Therapeutic drug monitoring. 2009 Aug; 31(4):520-6. doi: 10.1097/ftd.0b013e3181ac6006. [PMID: 19571776]
  • A Pokrywka, W Tszyrsznic, D J Kwiatkowska. Problems of the use of pseudoephedrine by athletes. International journal of sports medicine. 2009 Aug; 30(8):569-72. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1202826. [PMID: 19382058]
  • K Deventer, P Van Eenoo, G Baele, O J Pozo, W Van Thuyne, F T Delbeke. Interpretation of urinary concentrations of pseudoephedrine and its metabolite cathine in relation to doping control. Drug testing and analysis. 2009 May; 1(5):209-13. doi: 10.1002/dta.31. [PMID: 20355197]
  • Kuei Hui Chan, Mei-Chich Hsu, Fu-An Chen, Ku-Fu Hsu. Elimination of ephedrines in urine following administration of a Sho-seiryu-to preparation. Journal of analytical toxicology. 2009 Apr; 33(3):162-6. doi: 10.1093/jat/33.3.162. [PMID: 19371465]
  • Hesham Abdul Aziz, Kok Khiang Peh, Yvonne Tze Fung Tan. Extraction and microencapsulation of khat: effects on sexual motivation and estradiol level in female rats. The journal of sexual medicine. 2009 Mar; 6(3):682-95. doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.01157.x. [PMID: 19143913]
  • K Deventer, O J Pozo, P Van Eenoo, F T Delbeke. Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of ephedrines in urine. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2009 Feb; 877(4):369-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.12.032. [PMID: 19144576]
  • Erica E Balint, George Falkay, Gabor A Balint. Khat - a controversial plant. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift. 2009; 121(19-20):604-14. doi: 10.1007/s00508-009-1259-7. [PMID: 19921126]
  • Rodny Montes de Oca Porto, Arístides Rosado Pérez, Margarita Teresa Correa Vidal, Mario Granda Fraga. Qualitative confirmation procedure for ephedrines as acetonide derivatives in doping urine samples by gas chromatography/electron ionization mass spectrometry. Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM. 2009 Jan; 23(2):249-57. doi: 10.1002/rcm.3872. [PMID: 19072865]
  • Kuei Hui Chan, Ryh-Nan Pan, Mei-Chich Hsu, Ku-Fu Hsu. Urinary elimination of ephedrines following administration of the Traditional Chinese Medicine preparation Kakkon-to. Journal of analytical toxicology. 2008 Nov; 32(9):763-7. doi: 10.1093/jat/32.9.763. [PMID: 19021932]
  • Anteneh M Feyissa, John P Kelly. A review of the neuropharmacological properties of khat. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry. 2008 Jul; 32(5):1147-66. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.12.033. [PMID: 18561890]
  • Raz Krizevski, Nativ Dudai, Einat Bar, Efraim Lewinsohn. Developmental patterns of phenylpropylamino alkaloids accumulation in khat (Catha edulis, Forsk.). Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2007 Dec; 114(3):432-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.08.042. [PMID: 17928181]
  • Michael Odenwald, Harald Hinkel, Elisabeth Schauer, Frank Neuner, Maggie Schauer, Thomas R Elbert, Brigitte Rockstroh. The consumption of khat and other drugs in Somali combatants: a cross-sectional study. PLoS medicine. 2007 Dec; 4(12):e341. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040341. [PMID: 18076280]
  • P Van Eenoo, L Lootens, A Spaerkeer, W Van Thuyne, K Deventer, F T Delbeke. Results of stability studies with doping agents in urine. Journal of analytical toxicology. 2007 Nov; 31(9):543-8. doi: 10.1093/jat/31.9.543. [PMID: 18093412]
  • E Oyungu, P G Kioy, N B Patel. Effect of Catha edulis (khat) on behaviour and its potential to induce seizures in Sprague Dawley rats. East African medical journal. 2007 May; 84(5):219-25. doi: 10.4314/eamj.v84i5.9529. [PMID: 17892196]
  • Muhammad Al-Samarraie, Hassan Z Khiabani, Mimi Stokke Opdal. [Khat--a new drug of abuse in Norway]. Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke. 2007 Mar; 127(5):574-6. doi: . [PMID: 17332809]
  • Jochen Beyer, Frank T Peters, Thomas Kraemer, Hans H Maurer. Detection and validated quantification of nine herbal phenalkylamines and methcathinone in human blood plasma by LC-MS/MS with electrospray ionization. Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS. 2007 Feb; 42(2):150-60. doi: 10.1002/jms.1132. [PMID: 17154352]
  • Rodny Montes de Oca Porto, Arístides Rosado Pérez, Margarita Teresa Correa Vidal. Electron ionization mass spectra of ephedrines in a doping confirmatory procedure: a curious migration of the trimethylsilyl group in the N-acetyl-O-trimethylsilyl derivatives. Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM. 2007; 21(12):1871-6. doi: 10.1002/rcm.3028. [PMID: 17523214]
  • C Jiménez, R de la Torre, M Ventura, J Segura, R Ventura. Stability studies of amphetamine and ephedrine derivatives in urine. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2006 Oct; 843(1):84-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.05.036. [PMID: 16798115]
  • Emilia Marchei, Manuela Pellegrini, Roberta Pacifici, Piergiorgio Zuccaro, Simona Pichini. A rapid and simple procedure for the determination of ephedrine alkaloids in dietary supplements by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2006 Aug; 41(5):1633-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.02.043. [PMID: 16580167]
  • M-H Spyridaki, P Kiousi, A Vonaparti, P Valavani, V Zonaras, M Zahariou, E Sianos, G Tsoupras, C Georgakopoulos. Doping control analysis in human urine by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry for the Olympic Games Athens 2004: determination of corticosteroids and quantification of ephedrines, salbutamol and morphine. Analytica chimica acta. 2006 Jul; 573-574(?):242-9. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.04.042. [PMID: 17723530]
  • Ying Lung Tseng, Min-Hua Shieh, Fan-Hsin Kuo. Metabolites of ephedrines in human urine after administration of a single therapeutic dose. Forensic science international. 2006 Mar; 157(2-3):149-55. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.04.008. [PMID: 15885945]
  • Kuei Hui Chan, Ryh-Nan Pan, Mei-Chich Hsu. Simultaneous quantification of six ephedrines in a Mahwang preparation and in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. Biomedical chromatography : BMC. 2005 Jun; 19(5):337-42. doi: 10.1002/bmc.452. [PMID: 15931652]
  • Michael Odenwald, Frank Neuner, Maggie Schauer, Thomas Elbert, Claudia Catani, Birke Lingenfelder, Harald Hinkel, Heinz Häfner, Brigitte Rockstroh. Khat use as risk factor for psychotic disorders: a cross-sectional and case-control study in Somalia. BMC medicine. 2005 Feb; 3(?):5. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-3-5. [PMID: 15707502]
  • Guro Forsdahl, Günter Gmeiner. Investigation of the silylation of ephedrines using N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyl-trifluoroacetamide. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2004 Nov; 811(2):201-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.09.002. [PMID: 15522721]
  • E A O Dimba, B T Gjertsen, T Bredholt, K O Fossan, D E Costea, G W Francis, A C Johannessen, O K Vintermyr. Khat (Catha edulis)-induced apoptosis is inhibited by antagonists of caspase-1 and -8 in human leukaemia cells. British journal of cancer. 2004 Nov; 91(9):1726-34. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602197. [PMID: 15477863]
  • Esa Meririnne, Satu Ellermaa, Aino Kankaanpää, Ali Bardy, Timo Seppälä. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of the stereoisomers of 4-methylaminorex in the rat. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 2004 Jun; 309(3):1198-205. doi: 10.1124/jpet.103.060053. [PMID: 14742748]
  • C Jiménez, R Ventura, J Williams, J Segura, R de la Torre. Reference materials for analytical toxicology including doping control: freeze-dried urine samples. The Analyst. 2004 May; 129(5):449-55. doi: 10.1039/b310111h. [PMID: 15116239]
  • Christine A Haller, Minjing Duan, Neal L Benowitz, Peyton Jacob. Concentrations of ephedra alkaloids and caffeine in commercial dietary supplements. Journal of analytical toxicology. 2004 Apr; 28(3):145-51. doi: 10.1093/jat/28.3.145. [PMID: 15107143]
  • Peyton Jacob, Christine A Haller, Minjiang Duan, Lisa Yu, Margaret Peng, Neal L Benowitz. Determination of ephedra alkaloid and caffeine concentrations in dietary supplements and biological fluids. Journal of analytical toxicology. 2004 Apr; 28(3):152-9. doi: 10.1093/jat/28.3.152. [PMID: 15107144]
  • Stefan W Toennes, Gerold F Kauert. Driving under the influence of khat--alkaloid concentrations and observations in forensic cases. Forensic science international. 2004 Feb; 140(1):85-90. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2003.11.028. [PMID: 15013169]
  • Hui-Yu Chiang, Shuenn-Jyi Sheu. Analysis of ephedra-alkaloids using sweeping and cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography methods. Electrophoresis. 2004 Feb; 25(4-5):670-6. doi: 10.1002/elps.200305729. [PMID: 14981695]
  • Mark C Roman. Determination of ephedra alkaloids in urine and plasma by HPLC-UV: collaborative study. Journal of AOAC International. 2004 Jan; 87(1):15-24. doi: NULL. [PMID: 15084082]
  • Richard B Rothman, Nga Vu, John S Partilla, Bryan L Roth, Sandra J Hufeisen, Beth A Compton-Toth, Jon Birkes, Richard Young, Richard A Glennon. In vitro characterization of ephedrine-related stereoisomers at biogenic amine transporters and the receptorome reveals selective actions as norepinephrine transporter substrates. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 2003 Oct; 307(1):138-45. doi: 10.1124/jpet.103.053975. [PMID: 12954796]
  • B M El-Haj, A M Al-Amri, M H Hassan, H S Ali, R K Bin Khadem. The use of cyclohexanone as a "derivatizing" reagent for the GC-MS detection of amphetamines and ephedrines in seizures and the urine. Forensic science international. 2003 Jul; 135(1):16-26. doi: 10.1016/s0379-0738(03)00101-4. [PMID: 12893131]
  • Lidia Mateus-Avois, Patrice Mangin, Martial Saugy. Development and validation of a capillary zone electrophoresis method for the determination of ephedrine and related compounds in urine without extraction. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2003 Jul; 791(1-2):203-16. doi: 10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00222-8. [PMID: 12798180]
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